Email this article Creating Engaging Flashcard Materials for Young Learners: A Developmental Study on English Language Teaching in Primary Schools
Abstract
Flashcards have long been recognized as effective tools for enhancing vocabulary acquisition, particularly among young learners. However, much of the existing research has focused on secondary or higher education, leaving a gap in understanding their impact on primary school students. This study addresses the need for a deeper exploration of flashcards as a teaching tool in elementary English language instruction. Specifically, the research focuses on the development and evaluation of flashcard-based instructional materials designed to improve vocabulary retention, student engagement, and motivation in young learners. The research utilized the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) to develop flashcards tailored to young learners, emphasizing visually engaging and interactive materials. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in student engagement and vocabulary retention, with high effectiveness scores and positive feedback from both teachers and students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to evaluate the results from the validity, practicality, and effectiveness tests. The findings reveal that the flashcards significantly enhanced students' vocabulary retention, engagement, and motivation, as demonstrated by high scores in effectiveness tests and positive feedback from both teachers and students. Teachers found the materials practical and easy to implement, while students responded favorably to the visual appeal and interactive nature of the flashcards. The findings highlight flashcards as an effective tool for improving vocabulary acquisition and engagement in primary education, offering a practical strategy for early language development.
Keywords
Full Text:
FULL PDFReferences
Alamri, K., & Rogers, V. (2018). The Effectiveness of Different Explicit Vocabulary-Teaching Strategies on Learners’ Retention of Technical and Academic Words. Language Learning Journal, 46(5), 622–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2018.1503139.
Alghamdi, A. A., & Elyas, T. (2020). The Effect of Electronic Flashcards on EFL Students’ Vocabulary Learning: The Case of Saudi Arabia. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 1(2), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v1i2.79.
Ashcroft, R. J., Cvitkovic, R., & Praver, M. (2018). Digital Flashcard L2 Vocabulary Learning Out-Performs Traditional Flashcards at Lower Proficiency Levels: A Mixed-Methods Study of 139 Japanese University Students. The Eurocall Review, 26(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2018.7881.
Ayuningtias, S., & Kareviati, E. (2021). The Preparation of Instructional Media in Teaching English to Young Learners at SDN Baros Mandiri 3 Cimahi. Project (Professional Journal of English Education), 4(3), 414. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v4i3.p414-419.
Bathgate, M., Schunn, C. D., & Correnti, R. (2013). Children’s Motivation Toward Science Across Contexts, Manner of Interaction, and Topic. Science Education, 98(2), 189–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21095.
Boroughani, T., Behshad, N., & Xodabande, I. (2023). Mobile-Assisted Academic Vocabulary Learning With Digital Flashcards: Exploring the Impacts on University Students’ Self-Regulatory Capacity. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112429.
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6.
Chen, R. W., & Chan, K. K. (2019). Using Augmented Reality Flashcards to Learn Vocabulary in Early Childhood Education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(7), 1812–1831. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119854028.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed). Pearson.
Fijačko, N., Gosak, L., Cilar, L., Novšak, A., Creber, R. M., Skok, P., & Štiglic, G. (2020). The Effects of Gamification and Oral Self-Care on Oral Hygiene in Children: Systematic Search in App Stores and Evaluation of Apps. Jmir Mhealth and Uhealth, 8(7), e16365. https://doi.org/10.2196/16365.
Hung, H. (2015). Intentional Vocabulary Learning Using Digital Flashcards. English Language Teaching, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n10p107.
Khan, R. M. I. (2022). The Use of Flashcards in Teaching EFL Vocabulary in Online Learning. Register Journal, 15(1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v15i1.109-125.
Kumar, R. S., Deshpande, A. P., Ankola, A. V., Sankeshwari, R., Jalihal, S., Hampiholi, V., Khot, A. J. P., Hebbal, M., Kotha, S. L., & S, L. K. (2022). Effectiveness of a Visual Interactive Game on Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Practices, and Clinical Parameters Among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Children, 9(12), 1828. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121828.
Le, H. H. (2023). Using Flashcard-Based Techniques to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Retention. Vietnam Journal of Education, 313–325. https://doi.org/10.52296/vje.2023.336.
Liaquat, A. (2023). Developing EFL Vocabulary Through Flashcards at Secondary Level in District Sahiwal, Pakistan. Journal of Languages Culture and Civilization, 5(3), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.47067/jlcc.v5i3.182.
Lubis, B. N. A., Sagala, R. W., & Niswa, K. (2023). Flashcard Media Effectiveness in Enriching Students’ English Vocabulary at Vocational School. English Review Journal of English Education, 11(1), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v11i1.6852.
Maritza, E. K. (2024). The Effect of “Si Andi” Flashcard Games on Improving Personal Safety Skills. Jpud - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 18(1), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.181.08.
Muliyah, P. (2023). Three-Periods Lesson: A Practical Way in Introducing English Vocabulary Using Realia and Flashcards. Metathesis Journal of English Language Literature and Teaching, 7(2), 216–228. https://doi.org/10.31002/metathesis.v7i2.733.
Ngarofah, S., & Sumarni, A. (2019). Teaching Vocabulary Using Flashcard to Young Learner. Project (Professional Journal of English Education), 1(6), 775. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v1i6.p775-782.
Nitko, A. J., & Brookhart, S. M. (2014). Educational Assessment of Students (6th ed.). Pierson Education Limited.
Pan, S. C., Zung, I., Imundo, M. N., Zhang, X., & Qiu, Y. (2023). User-Generated Digital Flashcards Yield Better Learning Than Premade Flashcards. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 12(4), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1037/mac0000083.
Pei, L., & Wu, H. (2019). Does Online Learning Work Better Than Offline Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medical Education Online, 24(1), 1666538. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2019.1666538.
Pimada, L. H., Toba, R., & Rasyidi, A. W. (2020). Learning of Imla’ Using Flashcards on Writing Skill at Islamic Elementary School Level in Samarinda. Izdihar Journal of Arabic Language Teaching Linguistics and Literature, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22219/jiz.v3i1.11682.
Puradireja, S. M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Flashcard Media and Letter Learning Applications to Help Dyslexic Children’s Reading Ability in Elementary School. Child Education Journal, 4(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.33086/cej.v4i1.2834.
Putri, F. A. K. (2024). Teaching English Using Flashcards to Improve Elementary School Students’ Vocabulary. Journal of Foreign Languange Teaching and Learning, 8(2), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.18196/ftl.v8i2.21350.
Rahmawati, A. W. (2023). Using Flashcards to Motivate Students to Learn English at SDN Karangayu 03 Semarang. Globish an English-Indonesian Journal for English Education and Culture, 12(2), 108. https://doi.org/10.31000/globish.v12i2.8448.
Rahmawati, J., Mujiono, & Liskinasih, A. (2022). Enhancing EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Acquisition With Socrative Digital Flashcards: An Experimental Study. International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v9i1p269.
Sage, K. D., Piazzini, M., Downey, J. C., & Ewing, S. (2020). Flip It or Click It: Equivalent Learning of Vocabulary From Paper, Laptop, and Smartphone Flashcards. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(2), 145–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520943647.
Selamat, S., & Bakar, K. A. (2023a). An Exploration of Flashcards Nature Used in the Teaching and Learning of Preschoolers by Preschool Teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v12-i1/16538.
Selamat, S., & Bakar, K. A. (2023b). An Exploration of Flashcards Nature Used in the Teaching and Learning of Preschoolers by Preschool Teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v12-i1/16538.
Sudrajat, A. (2023). Digital-Based Flash Card to Increase Social Studies Learning Outcomes for Elementary School Students in the Fourth Grade. Journal of Education Technology, 7(2), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v7i2.63327.
Suryani, E. A. A., Majid, A. H., & Suryani, S. (2022). Introducing English Vocabulary to Young Learners With Flashcards. English Education Journal, 13(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.24815/eej.v13i2.25454.
Taveira-Gomes, T., Saffarzadeh, A., Severo, M., Guimarães, M. J., & Ferreira, M. A. (2014). A Novel Collaborative E-Learning Platform for Medical Students—ALERT STUDENT. BMC Medical Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-143.
Tselios, N., Avouris, N., & Komis, V. (2007). The Effective Combination of Hybrid Usability Methods in Evaluating Educational Applications of ICT: Issues and Challenges. Education and Information Technologies, 13(1), 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-007-9045-5.
Weiand, A., Ludovico, F. M., & Patrícia da Silva Campelo Costa Barcellos. (2019). Virtual Learning Environments in the Light of Mind Maps and Flashcards. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 7(9), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss9.1713.
Wright, S. P., Ryan, K., Taylor, K. L. H., Turnbull, S. S., Skinner, C. H., Beeson, T., Ciancio, D., & Billington, E. J. (2021). Computer-Based Reading Interventions With a Post-Secondary Student With Intellectual Disability: Self-Determined and Fixed Response Intervals. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 394–409. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.193.
Yaacob, A., Zaludin, F., Aziz, N., Ahmad, N., Othman, N. A., & Fakhruddin, R. A. M. (2019). Augmented Reality (Ar) Flashcards as a Tool to Improve Rural Low Ability Students’ Vocabulary. Practitioner Research, 1, 29–52. https://doi.org/10.32890/pr2019.1.2.
Yeung, D., Alvarez, K., Quinones, M. E., Clark, C. A., Oliver, G. R., Álvarez, C., & Jaiyeola, A. O. (2017). Low–health Literacy Flashcards &Amp; Mobile Video Reinforcement to Improve Medication Adherence in Patients on Oral Diabetes, Heart Failure, and Hypertension Medications. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 57(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2016.08.012.
yuliantari, ira, Padmadewi, N. N., & Budasi, I. G. (2021). The Implementation of Learning Vocabulary Using Flashcard for Young Children Through Google Classroom. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha, 9(3), 271. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v9i3.38289.
Zhang, L. (2024). The Impact of Content and Language Integrated Learning on Motivation and Anxiety Levels of Chinese Primary School Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v13-i2/21414.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v13i1.13009
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paldy Jamil, Sthevaniocy YR, M. Rusli Baharuddin, Reski Yusrini Islamiyah Yunus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching (p-issn: 2338-0810 | e-issn: 2621-1378) has been Indexed/Listed by
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.