Analysis of Factors That Contribute to The Formation of Academic Hardiness of University Students

Fadhil Muhammad, Cece Rakhmat, Nandang Rusmana, Ipah Saripah

Abstract


This research aims to identify and analyze factors that contribute to academic hardiness in students with the 3C of Hardiness concept which includes aspects of commitment, control and challenge. The method used in this research is a cross-sectional survey with a quantitative approach, where data is collected using a standardized academic hardiness scale. The research sample consisted of 500 students spread across three state universities in West Sulawesi province. Data analysis was carried out using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the validity and contribution of each factor. The research results show that the control aspect is the factor that makes the biggest contribution to academic hardiness, with a standardized variance coefficient value of 0.605. Meanwhile, the social support indicator has the greatest influence, with a value of 0.854. These findings provide a basis for further research in designing guidance and counseling service models based on empirical evidence, by considering the main factors that contribute significantly to student academic hardiness. Apart from that, the results of this research can be a guide for guidance and counseling staff in designing more adaptive services, according to student needs.


Keywords


Academic Hardiness; Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); Guidance and Counseling Service.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdollahi, A., Carlbring, P., Vaez, E., & Ghahfarokhi, S.A. (2018). Perfectionism And Text Anxiety Among High School Students: The Moderating Role of Academic Hardiness. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 37 (3), 632-639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9550-z

Aisyah, S. N., & Febriana, D. Z. (2016). Hubungan Kepribadian Hardiness dengan Kecenderungan Psikosomatis pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 2(1), 46-58.

Albana, J.M. (2007). Sulit Belajar (Langkah Praktis Mengatasi Stres Belajar). Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka Anak.

Arjani, A. S. (2015). Hubungan Antara Dukungan Emosional Orangtua dan Resiliensi Mahasiswa dalam Mengerjakan Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Arum, R., Roksa, J., & Cook, A. (2016). Improving Quality in American Higher Education: Learning Outcomes And Assessments For The 21st Century. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.

Ausie, R. K., Wardani, R., & Selly, S. (2018). Hubungan antara hardiness dan kesejahteraan psikologis pada calon bintara Korps Wanita Angkatan Darat (KOWAD) di Pusat Pendidikan KOWAD Bandung. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 1(3), 209. https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v1i3.758.

Barseli, M., & Ifdil, I. (2017). Konsep Stres Akademik Siswa. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan, 5, 143-148. https://doi.org/10.29210/119800

Bedewy, Dalia., & Adel Gabriel. (2015). Examining Perceptions of Academic Stress And Its Sources Among University Students: The Perception Of Academic Stress Scale. Health Psychology Open 2 (2). https://doi:10.1177/2055102915596714

Benishek, L.A., & Lopez, F.G. (2001). Development And Initial Validation Of A Measure Of Academic Hardiness. Journal of Career Assessment, 9, 333-352. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270100900402

Benishek, L.A., Feldman, J.M., Shipon, R.W., Mecham, S.D., & Lopez, F.G. (2005). Development And Evaluation Of Revised Academic Hardiness Scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 13, 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270274

Biaggi, K., & Kiswantomo, H. (2020). Kontribusi Social Support Terhadap Hardiness Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi. Jurnal Humanitas, 4(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v4i2.2516

Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Resilience in the Face of Potential Trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science Journal, 14,135-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00347.x

Busari, A. O. (2016). Academic Stress and Internet Addiction among Adolescents: Solution Focused Social Interest Programme as Treatment Option. Journal of Mental Disorders, 2(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-271X.1000114

Charles E Skinner. (1958). Essential Of Educational Psychologi. New York: Englewood Cliff. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644590190033

Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.

Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-Determination Theory In Work Organizations: The State Of A Science. Annual Review Of Organizational Psychology And Organizational Behavior, 4, 19-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108

Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Systematic Review Of Depression, Anxiety, And Other Indicators Of Psychological Distress Among US And Canadian Medical Students. Academic Medicine, 81(4), 354–373. DOI: 10.1097/00001888-200604000-00009

Epstein, J.L. and Salinas, K.C. (2004). Partnering With Families And Communities. Journal Schools as Learning Communities. Volume 61. Number 8 Pages 12-1.

Gorji. M. (2011). The Effect of Job Burnout Dimension on Employees Performance. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity. 1 No.4.224-243.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2008). Multivariate 637 Data Analysis. Pearson Education Inc.

Hurlock, E, B. (2017). Psikologi Perkembangan Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan (Edisi ke – 5). Jakarta: Erlangga

Jannah, Syhria., & Rohmatun. (2018). Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial Dengan Resiliensi Pada Penyintas Banjir Rob Tambak Lorok. Jurnal Proyeksi. 13 (1). 1-12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jp.13.1.1-12

Jotwani, J. (2016). Hardiness And Psychological Distress Among University Students Studying In Madhya Pradesh. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(2), 51-59.

Kartadinata, S. (2015). Revolusi Pendidikan (Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat, Sabtu 2 Mei 2015 Hal 28)

KEMENRISTEKDIKTI. (2012). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pendidikan Tinggi. Jakarta: Pemerintah Republik Indonesia.

Knisely, J. E., & Northouse, L. (1994). The Relationship Between Social Support, Help Seeking Behavior, And Psychological Distress In Psychiatric Clients. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(6), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(94)90004-3

Kobasa. S. C, Maddi, S., & Puccetti. M. C. (1982). Personality And Exercise As Buffers In The Stress Illness Relationship. Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 5(4), 391 - 404. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00845369

Kumar, Sanjeev., & Bhukar, J. P. (2013). Stress Level and Coping Strategies of College Students. India: LNIPE.

Legiran, Azis, M. Z., & Bellinawati, N. (2015). Faktor Risiko Stres Dan Perbedaannya Pada Mahasiswa Berbagai Angkatan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 2, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.32539/jkk.v2i2.29

Maddi, S. (2006). Hardiness: The Courage To Grow From Stresses. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1 (3), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760600619609

Maddi, S. R. (2013). Hardiness: Turning Stressful Circumstances into Resilient Growth. New York: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg.

Maddi, S. R. (2016). Hardiness Enhances Effectiveness and Fulfillment. In Encyclopedia of Mental Health: Second Edition (Vol. 2, hal. 294–297).https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397045-9.00211-1

Mathur, G., Banerjjee, R., Pygnavil, R. S., Tripathi, S., Pathak, A., Shanna, B., & Upadhyay, M. K. (2011). Stress and Job Satisfaction- A Study of Academicians in: A Systematic Guide to Write a Research Paper (S. S. Bhakar & S. Mehda (eds.); First Edit). Excel Books India.

Myers, D. G., Biswas-diener, R., Haslam, N. O., Huppert, F., Vella-brodrick, D., Boniwell, I., & Veenhoven, R. (2009). The Encyclopedia Of Positive Psychology. Sussex, WI: WileyBlackwell.10.1002/9781444306002.ch13

Pambudi, S., & Hoiriyah, N. (2020). Penerapan Teori Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Di Sekolah. Al-Hikmah. Jurnal Studi Islam. DOI. https://doi.org/10.25217/cie.v1i2.1602

Putri, S. A., & Sawitri, D. R. (2017). Hubungan Antara Hardiness Dengan Stres Akademik Pada Taruna Tingkat II Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 6(4), 319–322. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2017.20100

Reivich, K., & Shatte, A. (2002). The Resilience Factor: 7 Essential Skills For Overcoming Life'sinevitable Obstacles. Broadway books.

Sari, P. K. P., & Indrawati, E. S. (2016). Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya Dengan Resiliensi Akademik Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Jurusan X Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro. Jurnal Empati, 5, 177–182. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2016.14979

Spiridon, Kamsios., & Karagiannopoulou Evangelia. (2015). Exploring Relationships Between Academic Hardiness, Academic Stressos, And Achievement In University Undergraduates. JAEPR, 1(1), 53-73.

Wijanto, S. H. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan LISREL: Konsep dan Tutorial. Graha Ilmu.

Wilks, S. E. (2008). Resilience Amid Academic Stress: The Moderating Impact of Social Support Among Social Work Students. Journal Advances in Social work, 9 (2), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.18060/51

Wunsch, K., Kasten, N., & Fuchs, R. (2017). The Effect Of Physical Activity On Sleep Quality, Well-Being, And Affect In Academic Stress Periods. Nature and Science of Sleep, Volume 9, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S132078

Yang, L., & Wu, D. (2021). Grit and Meaning in Life of Chinese Nurses: The Chain Mediating Effect of Social Support and Hope. Frontiers in Psychology, 12 (November), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769707

Yunita, M., & Monalisa, M. (2022). Relationship Of Hardiness and Academic Stress to Future Orientation in Final-Level Students in Jakarta. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-11-2021.2318621




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v11i1.14839

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kependidikan : Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran, dan Pembelajaran

E-ISSN: 2442-7667

Published by LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Email: [email protected] 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.