Studi Literatur: Peran Guru Pendidikan Khusus di Sekolah Inklusi

Nissa Amalia, Farida Kurniawati

Abstract


The research was carried out to know the role played by teacher assistants in inclusive schools. The research method used for this study is a systematic review by capturing articles related to the research topic published between 2009-2019 through the electronic search engine Taylor and Francis Online. The initial search found 24 articles and then selected based on exclusive criteria, in which there were ten articles identified using thematic data analysis techniques. The results found that role of a teacher assistant is role pedagogic and non-pedagogic. Pedagogic roles include learning, giving assignments, helping students complete assignments, performing assignments, making IEP (individualized educational program), assessing and managing student behavior while non-pedagogic roles include emotional support, consulting, facilitating teachers, students, and parents. The results also show the importance of teacher assistants having competencies according to their educational background and building collaborative learning between classroom teachers and teacher assistants in the classroom. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed in this paper.


Keywords


Disability Students, Inclusive School, Teacher Assistants.

References


Abbott, L., McConkey, R., & Dobbins, M. (2011). Key players in inclusion: Are we meeting the professional needs of learning support assistants for pupils with complex needs?. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 26(2), 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2011.563608

Blatchford, P., Bassett, P., Brown, P., Martin, C., Russell, A., & Webster, R. (2009). Deployment and impact of support staff in schools: Characteristics, working conditions and job satisfaction of support staff in schools (Strand 1, Waves 1-3 in 2004, 2006 and 2008). DCSF. http://maximisingtas.co.uk/assets/content/disss1w123r.pdf

Blatchford, P., Martin, C., Moriarty, V., Bassett, P., & Goldstein, H. (2002, May). Pupil adult ratio differences and educational progress over reception and key stage 1. DfES. Blatchford, P., Martin, C., Moriarty, V., Bassett, P. & Goldstein, H. (2002). Pupil–adult ratio differences and educational progress over Key Stage 1. Final Report to the DfES (London, DfES). https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/4603/1/RR335.pdf

Bourke, P., & Carrington, S. (2007). Inclusive education reform: Implications for teacher aides. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 31(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10300110601184701

Butt, R. (2016). Teacher assistant support and deployment in mainstream schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20(9), 995-1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1145260

Cameron, D. L. (2014). An examination of teacher–student interactions in inclusive classrooms: Teacher interviews and classroom observations. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 14(4), 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12021

Carter, M., Stephenson, J., & Webster, A. (2019). A survey of professional tasks and training needs of teaching assistants in New South Wales mainstream public schools. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 44(4), 447-456. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2018.1462638

Chopra, R. (2008, September 3-6). Factors influencing elementary school teachers’ attitude towards inclusive education. British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/174842.pdf

Clarke, E., & Visser, J. (2016). Teaching assistants managing behavior who knows how they do it? A review of literature. Support for learning, 31(4), 266-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9604.12137

Clarke, E., & Visser, J. (2019). Is a good teaching assistant one who ‘knows their place’?. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 24(4), 308-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1625207

Creemers, B. P. M. (1994). The effective classroom. London: Cassell.

Giangreco, M. F. (2013). Teacher assistant supports in inclusive schools: Research, practices and alternatives. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 37(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1017/jse.2013.1

Giangreco, M. F., & Broer, S. M. (2005). Questionable utilization of paraprofessionals in inclusive schools: Are we addressing symptoms or causes?. Focus on autism and other developmental disabilities, 20(1), 10-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/10883576050200010201

Giangreco, M. F., Suter, J. C., & Hurley, S. M. (2013). Revisiting personnel utilization in inclusion-oriented schools. The Journal of Special Education, 47(2), 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466911419015

Göransson, K., Lindqvist, G., Möllås, G., Almqvist, L., & Nilholm, C. (2017). Ideas about occupational roles and inclusive practices among special needs educators and support teachers in Sweden. Educational review, 69(4), 490-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2016.1237477

Hall, L. J., & McGregor, J. A. (2000). A follow-up study of the peer relationships of children with disabilities in an inclusive school. The Journal of Special Education, 34(3), 114-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246690003400301

Haycock, D., & Smith, A. (2011). To assist or not to assist? A study of teachers’ views of the roles of learning support assistants in the provision of inclusive physical education in England. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15(8), 835-849. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110903452325

Heward, W.L. (2003). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education. New Jersey: Merril, Prentice Hall.

Jardí, A., Puigdellívol, I., & Petreñas, C. (2018). Teacher assistants’ roles in Catalan classrooms: Promoting fair and inclusion-oriented support for all. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1545876

Jauhari, Auhad. (2017). Pendidikan inklusi sebagai alternatif solusi mengatasi permasalahan sosial anak penyandang disabilitas. Jurnal IJTIMAIYA, 1(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1234/ji.v1i1.3099

Lopes, J. A., Monteiro, I., Sil, V., Rutherford, R. B., & Quinn, M. M. (2004). Teachers' perceptions about teaching problem students in regular classrooms. Education and treatment of children, 394-419.

Mangunsong, F. (2009). Psikologi dan pendidikan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Depok: LPSP3 UI.

Mulyani, G., & Marlina, M. (2017). Pelaksanaan tugas pokok guru pendidik khusus di sekolah penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Khusus, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.24036/jupe75930.64

O’Rourke, J., & West, J. (2015). Education assistant support in inclusive Western Australian classrooms: Trialling a screening tool in an Australian context. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 62(5), 531-546. http://doi/full/10.1080/1034912X.2015.1052376

Němec, Z., Šimáčková-Laurenčíková, K., Hájková, V., & Strnadová, I. (2015). ‘When I need to do something else with the other children, then I can rely on her’: teaching assistants working with socially disadvantaged students. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30(4), 459-473. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2015.1035904

Panula, A. M. (2013). Reading difficulties and part time special education–a follow up from preschool to the end of 9 th grade (.Unpublished dissertation)., University of Helsinki, Finland.

Pesonen, H., Itkonen, T., Jahnukainen, M., Kontu, E., Kokko, T., Ojala, T., & Pirttimaa, R. (2015). The implementation of new special education legislation in Finland. Educational Policy, 29(1), 162-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904814556754

Radford, J., Bosanquet, P., Webster, R., & Blatchford, P. (2015). Scaffolding learning for independence: Clarifying teacher and teaching assistant roles for children with special educational needs. Learning and Instruction, 36, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.10.005

Radford, J., Bosanquet, P., Webster, R., Blatchford, P., & Rubie-Davies, C. (2014). Fostering learner independence through heuristic scaffolding: A valuable role for teaching assistants. International Journal of Educational Research, 63, 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.02.010

Rose, R. (2000). Using classroom support in a primary school: A single school case study. British Journal of Special Education, 27(4), 191-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8527.00188

Salter, J. M., Swanwick, R. A., & Pearson, S. E. (2017). Collaborative working practices in inclusive mainstream deaf education settings: teaching assistant perspectives. Deafness & Education International, 19(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/14643154.2017.1301693

Santoso, Hargio. (2012). Cara memahami & mendidik anak berkebutuhan khusus. Yogyakarta: Gosyen Publishing.

Sundqvist, C., Björk-Åman, C., & Ström, K. (2019). The three-tiered support system and the special education teachers’ role in Swedish-speaking schools in Finland. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 34(5), 601-616. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2019.1572094

Takala, M., & Head, G. (2017). Inclusion and practice: The perspective of two countries In M.T. Hughes & E. Talbott (Eds.), The handbook of diversity in special education (pp.115-128). John Wiley Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118768778

Vygotsky, L. S. (1971). The psychology of art. London: MIT press.

Webster, R., Blatchford, P., & Russell, A. (2013). Challenging and changing how schools use teaching assistants: Findings from the effective deployment of teaching assistants project. School Leadership & Management, 33(1), 78-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2012.724672

Webster, R., Blatchford, P., Bassett, P., Brown, P., Martin, C., & Russell, A. (2010). Double standards and first principles: Framing teaching assistant support for pupils with special educational needs. European journal of special needs education, 25(4), 319-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2010.513533

Webster, R., Blatchford, P., Bassett, P., Brown, P., Martin, C., & Russell, A. (2011). The wider pedagogical role of teaching assistants. School Leadership and Management, 31(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2010.540562

Williams, K. E., & O'Connor, M. (2012). The views of children and parents towards higher level teaching assistants who teach whole classes. Education 3-13, 40(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2010.489512




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v7i2.3730

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Nissa Amalia, Farida Kurniawati

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kependidikan : Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran, dan Pembelajaran

E-ISSN: 2442-7667

Published by LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Email: [email protected] 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.