Implementation of Project-Based Learning Integrated with Green Chemistry on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Reaction Rate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i5.21607Keywords:
Green Chemistry, Learning Outcomes, Project-Based Learning, Quasi-Experimental Study, Reaction RateAbstract
Low student learning outcomes in the reaction rate topic indicate the need for instructional models that support student engagement in the learning process. This study aimed to analyze students’ learning outcomes through the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with Green Chemistry in the reaction rate topic. The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 64 eleventh-grade students at MAN 3 Medan, comprising 30 students in the experimental class and 34 students in the control class, selected through purposive sampling. The intervention was conducted over three meetings with two lesson periods per meeting. Learning outcomes were measured using a multiple-choice test administered before and after the intervention. The mean pretest scores were 41.00 ± 11.25 and 39.26 ± 9.30 for the experimental and control classes, respectively. The mean posttest score of the experimental class was 78.50 ± 8.11, compared with 59.41 ± 9.75 for the control class. The independent-samples t-test showed t(62) = 8.447, p < 0.001, with a 95% confidence interval of 14.57–23.61. Cohen’s d was 2.116, indicating a very large effect. These findings indicate that PjBL integrated with Green Chemistry resulted in better learning outcomes than Direct Instruction in the reaction rate topic.
References
Ahadito, B. R.; Afriani, S. R. (2024). Soap Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Review. Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 9(2),96–102. https://doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v9.i2.96
Anastas, P. T.; Eghbali, N. (2010). Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice. Chemical Society Reviews, 39(1), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.1039/B918763B
Aubrecht, K. B.; Bourgeois, M.; Brush, E. J.; MacKellar, J.;Wissinger, J.E. (2019). Integrating Green Chemistry in the Curriculum: Building Student Skills in Systems Thinking, Safety, and Sustainability. Journal of Chemical Education, 96(12), 2872–2880. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00354
Chen, M.; Jeronen, E.; Wang, A. (2020). What Lies Behind Teaching and Learning Green Chemistry to Promote Sustainability Education? A Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217876
Daeli, T. P., & Roza, D. (2026). Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning ( PjBL ) Dengan Pendekatan STEM Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Laju Reaksi The Effect of the Project-Based Learning ( PjBL ) Model with a STEM Approach on Students ’ Learning Outcomes in Reaction Rate Material. 6(1), 193–203.
Febriani, F.; Hasan, M.; Khaldun, I.; Khwaengmek, W. (2025). Impact of Project-Based Learning Implementation on Students’ Achievement in Green Chemistry Concepts. JIPI (Jurnal IPA Dan Pembelajaran IPA), 9(3), 1020–1031. https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v9i3.48944
Firmansyah, R. (2023). Pengaruh model pjbl dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar mapel ddtk kelas x titl smkn 1 sidoarjo. 5(September), 134–144.
Ginting, D. S.; Syafriani, D. (2026). The Effect of Green Chemistry-Integrated Project-Based Learning on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Acid-Base Chemistry. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 14(3), 605–613. https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i3.20860
Jere, S.; Mpeta, M. (2024). Enhancing Learners’ Conceptual Understanding of Reaction Kinetics Using Computer Simulations – A Case Study Approach. Research in Science Education, 54(6), 999–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-024-10182-5
Ratnawati, E., Praptomo, S., Negeri, S. M. A., Tulungagung, K., Telah, A., Learning, P. B., Tulungagung, S., & Pjbl, M. (2023). Penerapan Pembelajaran Kimia Hijau Melalui Project Based Learning ( Pjbl ) Pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia Sma The Implementation Of Green Chemistry Learning Through Project Based Learning ( Pjbl ) At Chemistry Subject Of Senior High School. 12(2), 141–147.
Jusniar, J.; Auliah, A.; Syamsidah, S.; Fadly, D. (2025). Improving students’ critical thinking abilities and environmental sensitivity through project-based learning integrated with green chemistry principles. Eclética Química, 50, e–1597. https://doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618.eq.v50.2025.e1597
Lestari, N. A., Liliasari, Irawan, N. Z. P., & Musthapa, I. (2024). Research Trends of Project-Based Learning Model in Chemistry Learning Through Bibliometric Analysis. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 7(2), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v7i2.79200
Marthafera, P., Melati, H. A., & Hadi, L. (2018). Deskripsi Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Pada Materi Laju Reaksi. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 7(1), 1–9.
Nahlik, P.; Kempf, L.; Giese, J.; Kojak, E.; Daubenmire, P. L. (2023). Developing green chemistry educational principles by exploring the pedagogical content knowledge of secondary and pre-secondary school teachers. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 24(1), 283–298. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RP00229A
Putri, D.; Supriatna, A.; Rahmawati, T. (2024). Soap Making Project from Waste Cooking Oil for High School Students’ Chemistry Learning: Qualitative Content Analysis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(6), 3147–3154. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.7701
Putri, N. M., Hakim, L. El, & Ristanto, R. H. (2024). Studi Literatur Penerapan Project-Based Learning (PjBL) pada Pembelajaran Kimia. Ideguru: Jurnal Karya Ilmiah Guru, 10(1), 433–442. https://doi.org/10.51169/ideguru.v10i1.1251
Supasorn, S.; Promarak, V. (2015). No TitleImplementation of 5E inquiry incorporated with analogy learning approach to enhance conceptual understanding of chemical reaction rate for grade 11 students. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 16(1), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RP00190G
Wahyudi, A.; Sitorus, B.; Hidayat, F. (2025). Kinetic Analysis of Saponification Reaction in Eco-Friendly Soap Production Based on Waste Cooking Oil. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 13(3), 713–723. https://doi.org/0.33394/hjkk.v13i3.14828
Yan, Y. K.; Subramaniam, R. (2018). Using a multi-tier diagnostic test to explore the nature of students’ alternative conceptions on reaction kinetics. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 19(1), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RP00143F
Zhang, L., & Ma, Y. (2023). A study of the impact of project-based learning on student learning effects: a meta-analysis study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Mardiah Dongoran, Dewi Syafriani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia uses a variety of waivers and licenses, that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data: Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/ (default) Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.
