From Problem to Practice: Thai EFL Teacher Narrative on Vocabulary Learning Challenges and Solutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v13i3.20594Keywords:
EFL teaching, Vocabulary learning, narrative inquiry, reflective practice, rural educationAbstract
This study aims to explore the experiences of Thai EFL teacher in addressing vocabulary learning challenges within a rural primary school context.. This research employed a qualitative method with a narrative inquiry design. The participant was selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and video recordings as research instruments. The data were analyzed using narrative analysis supported by thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns in the teacher’s experiences. The results show that students’ vocabulary learning difficulties are influenced by limited concentration, short memory span, weak foundational literacy, and minimal exposure to English outside the classroom. To address these challenges, the teacher implemented adaptive instructional strategies, including repetition, multimodal input (games, songs, and visual aids), and contextualized learning. The findings also reveal that teacher–student interaction, emotional support, and continuous reflective practice play a significant role in improving vocabulary learning. Overall, the study highlights that effective vocabulary instruction in under-resourced EFL contexts depends on teacher adaptability and contextual awareness. The findings suggest the importance of strengthening reflective and adaptive competencies in teacher education while promoting flexible curriculum support for rural schools.
References
Ahmad Musa, H. I. (2023). Dialogic Inquiry: A Tool for Developing Oral Communicative Competence and Increasing the Willingness to Communicate among EFL Learners. World Journal of English Language, 13(2), 278. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n2p278
Aljasir, N. (2025). Vocabulary learning strategies among Saudi EFL learners: A proficiency-level comparison using think-aloud protocols. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2472480. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2472480
Alshumrani, H. A. (2024). Unveiling vocabulary teaching and learning beliefs of teachers and learners in an EFL context. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00242-0
Biseko, J. M. (2025). Vocabulary learning in EFL context: Do primary school English Subject textbooks provide structured support? Cogent Education, 12(1), 2455047. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2455047
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Chung, E., Fung, D., & Wan, A. (2025). Learner beliefs about vocabulary teaching in secondary ESL classrooms: A proficiency and grade-level analysis. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2024-0186
Chung, E., & Wan, A. (2025). Examining the use of academic vocabulary in first-year ESL undergraduates’ writing: A corpus-driven study in Hong Kong. Assessing Writing, 63, 100913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2024.100913
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research (1. ed., 1. PB print). Jossey-Bass.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Deni, R., & Fahriany, F. (2020). Teachers’ Perspective on Strategy for Teaching English Vocabulary to Young Learners. Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning, 9(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.21580/vjv9i14862
Farrelly, M. J., & Sinwongsuwat, K. (2021). Strategies Used and Challenges Faced by Thai EFL Teachers When Eliciting Talk During Classroom Interactions in High School Contexts. Sage Open, 11(4), 21582440211050385. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211050385
Fengyu, Z. (2023). The Impact of Vocabulary Learning Methods on Students’ Vocabulary Application Skills. English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies, 5(4), p206. https://doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v5n4p206
Ghalebi, R., Sadighi, F., & Bagheri, M. S. (2020). Vocabulary learning strategies: A comparative study of EFL learners. Cogent Psychology, 7(1), 1824306. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2020.1824306
Gonzaga, K. A., Baluyos, G. R., & Magbanua, C. C. (2025). Using Keyword Mnemonics to Improve Students Retention of English Vocabulary and Concepts among Grade 9 Students. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(VIII), 4111–4120. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.908000333
Hussain, S. S., & Khan, A. W. (2025). Vocabulary Teaching Strategies for EFL Learners: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 16(5), 1584–1590. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1605.15
Karanjakwut, C. (2023). Instructional Toolkit for Outcome-Based Instruction on English Grammar of Thai EFL Students in the Thonburi District in Bangkok. English Language Teaching, 16(11), 45. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n11p45
Kırmızı, Ö., & Mutlu Gülbak, G. (2025). An analysis of pre-service EFL teachers’ development of adaptive expertise in relation to their mindsets: A guided reflection approach. Teaching and Teacher Education, 162, 105063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2025.105063
Lei, X., Fathi, J., Noorbakhsh, S., & Rahimi, M. (2022). The Impact of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning on English as a Foreign Language Learners’ Vocabulary Learning Attitudes and Self-Regulatory Capacity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 872922. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872922
Moodie, I. (2020). Anne Burns and Jack C. Richards (eds): THE CAMBRIDGE GUIDE TO LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE. Applied Linguistics, 41(2), 320–322. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy047
Moustaghfir, S. (2026). WHAT WORKS (AND WHAT DOES NOT) IN EFL VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR TERTIARY-LEVEL TEACHING. European Journal of Applied Linguistics Studies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejals.v9i1.673
Nation, P. (2017). How vocabulary is learned. Indonesian JELT: Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.25170/ijelt.v12i1.1458
Nguyen, B.-P. T., & Tesar, M. (2024). Teacher identity ambiguity and where to find it? A narrative inquiry of ELT teachers in rural areas. Policy Futures in Education, 14782103241266906. https://doi.org/10.1177/14782103241266906
Patra, I., Shanmugam, N., Ismail, S. M., & Mandal, G. (2022). An Investigation of EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Retention and Recall in a Technology-Based Instructional Environment: Focusing on Digital Games. Education Research International, 2022, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7435477
Prough, S., Webster, A., & Gibbons, L. K. (2024). The Context and Development of Teachers’ Collective Reflections on Student Data. Education Sciences, 14(8), 859. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080859
Quoc Lap, T., Thi Ha, N., Cong Tuan, L., & Huynh Hong Nga, N. (2024). EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices of Reflective Teaching as a Means for Professional Development. Arab World English Journal, 15(4), 400–417. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol15no4.25
Radzuan, F., & Arif, M. (2025). Vocabulary Learning Research in ESL/EFL: A Bibliometric Review of Trends, Innovations, and Gaps. AJELP: The Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 13(2), 46–67. https://doi.org/10.37134/ajelp.vol13.2.4.2025
Rahmani Doqaruni, V. (2023). Functions of Teachers’ Narratives in EFL Classroom Contexts. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 25(1), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v25n1.99190
Rose, H., McKinley, J., & Galloway, N. (2021). Global Englishes and language teaching: A review of pedagogical research. Language Teaching, 54(2), 157–189. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444820000518
Rozimela, Y., Fatimah, S., & Fudhla, N. (2025). EFL teachers’ practices and perspectives on self- and collaborative contextualized reflective practice. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 10(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-025-00338-9
Schmitt, N., & Schmitt, D. (2020). Vocabulary in language teaching (Second edition). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108569057
Shmuel, N. A. (2023). Children’s Wellbeing in Immigrant Families: Ethiopian Jews in Israel (Vol. 26). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31917-4
Shube, B. D. (2022). Investigating ELL Teachers’ Knowledge and Practice in Vocabulary Instruction. LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal, 12(2), 259. https://doi.org/10.18592/let.v12i2.7095
Sun, Y., & Shi, W. (2022). On the Role of Teacher–Student Rapport and Teacher Support as Predictors of Chinese EFL Students’ Affective Learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 856430. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856430
Tachom, K. (2021). Enhancing Thai EFL Students’ EFL Vocabulary Knowledge through the Use of Task-Based Language Teaching and Storytelling Technique Adopting Thai Folktales. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 7(4), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522.2021.74.235.243
Ulla, M. B. (2021). Filipinos as EFL Teachers in Bangkok, Thailand: Implications for Language Education Policy in the ASEAN Region. RELC Journal, 52(3), 588–602. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688219879775
Uthaikun, C., Riddle, S., & Barton, G. (2024). Using English as a Language of Instruction in Rural Schools in Thailand: Key Challenges for Teaching and Learning. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 39(1), 239–257. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2024.39.1.10
Van Den Broek, G. S. E., Wesseling, E., Huijssen, L., Lettink, M., & Van Gog, T. (2022). Vocabulary Learning During Reading: Benefits of Contextual Inferences Versus Retrieval Opportunities. Cognitive Science, 46(4), e13135. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13135
Wilcox, E. G., Hu, M. Y., Mueller, A., Warstadt, A., Choshen, L., Zhuang, C., Williams, A., Cotterell, R., & Linzen, T. (2025). Bigger is not always better: The importance of human-scale language modeling for psycholinguistics. Journal of Memory and Language, 144, 104650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2025.104650
Yao, Y., Ismail, H. H., & Yunus, M. M. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review of Emotional Scaffolding in EFL Pedagogy. World Journal of English Language, 16(2), 242. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v16n2p242
Yuan, R. (2024). Maximizing the Potential of Reflective Practice in Pre-Service Language Teacher Education: The Issue of Authenticity. RELC Journal, 55(3), 835–846. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231157460
Zhang, Y. (2021). Combining computer-mediated communication with data-driven instruction: EFL learners’ pragmatic development of compliment responses. System, 103, 102624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102624
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities tacitly or explicitly of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with Jurnal Paedagogy agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
-
Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/ (default)








