Comparative Effects of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Water on the Yield and Phytochecimal Profile of Rhizophora mucronata Leaf Extract

Authors

  • Nur Intan Syafira Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Kec. Southeast Pontianak, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
  • Masriani Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Kec. Southeast Pontianak, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
  • Rody Putra Sartika Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Kec. Southeast Pontianak, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
  • Aldi Tobing Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Kec. Southeast Pontianak, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
  • Firman Shantya Budi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Kec. Southeast Pontianak, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i4.22138

Keywords:

Rhizophora mucronata, Type of Solvent, Extract Yield, Phytochemical Screening, Secondary Metabolites

Abstract

Rhizophora muronata leaves contain diverse secondary metabolites with potential applications in natural product research. The extraction solvent is an important factor that influences extraction yield and the diversity of phytochemicals recovered from plant materials. However, comparative information on the extraction performance of solvents with different polarity characteristics for R. mucronata leaves remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and distilled water on the extraction yield and qualitative phytochemical profile of R. mucronata leaves. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extractions were performed using maceration for 3x24 h, whereas distilled water extraction was conducted using infusion at 85 °C for 15 min. The extraction yield was determined gravimetrically, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, triterpenoids, amd steroids. Distilled water produced the highest extraction yield (11.00%). Followed by ethanol (9.92%) and ethyl acetate (2.49%). The phytochemical screening also revealed differences in metabolite profiles among the extracts, with ethanol showing the greatest diversity of detected metabolite classes. These findings demonstrate that solvent selection influences both the amount of extract obtained and the types of secondary metabolites qualitatively detected. The result provide practical information for selecting extraction solvents according to the polarity characteristics of target metabolites and may support the development of R. mucronata based natural product research. However, the comparison should be interpreted with consideration of the different extraction techniques applied to the solvents and the qualitative nature of the phytochemical analysis.

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Published

2026-09-14

How to Cite

Syafira, N. I., Masriani, Sartika, R. P., Tobing, A., & Budi, F. S. (2026). Comparative Effects of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Water on the Yield and Phytochecimal Profile of Rhizophora mucronata Leaf Extract. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i4.22138

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Vol. 14 No. 4 (2026): August 2026

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Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Intan Syafira, Masriani, Rody Putra Sartika, Aldi Tobing, Firman Shantya Budi

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