Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. Leaf Extracts Using Different Solvents

Authors

  • Riyan Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Pontianak Tenggara District, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
  • Masriani Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Pontianak Tenggara District, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
  • Rody Putra Sartika Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Pontianak Tenggara District, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
  • Firman Shantya Budi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Pontianak Tenggara District, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i4.22131

Keywords:

Nauclea orientalis, Phytochemical Analysis, Secondary Metabolites, Extraction Solvents

Abstract

Bengkal leaves (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L.) are known to contain various secondary metabolites with potential as sources of bioactive compounds. However, direct comparisons of the phytochemical profiles of N. orientalis extracted using solvents with different polarity levels remain limited. This study aimed to compare the extraction yield and phytochemical profiles of N. orientalis leaf extracts using 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. Leaf samples were collected from Sebedang Village, Sebawi District, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Extraction was performed by maceration using 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate, and by infusion using distilled water. The extraction yield was determined gravimetrically, while phytochemical screening was qualitatively conducted for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins. The results showed that the 96% ethanol extract produced the highest yield of 4.92%, followed by the distilled water extract at 4.34% and the ethyl acetate extract at 1.73%. The ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, tannins, and saponins; the distilled water extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins; whereas the ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of phenolics, steroids, and tannins. Unlike previous studies, which generally use a single solvent for the initial extraction and subsequently employ other solvents during the fractionation stage, this study directly compared the effects of 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and distilled water on the extraction yield and phytochemical profiles of Nauclea orientalis leaf extracts. These findings provide scientific information for selecting an appropriate solvent based on the characteristics of the targeted secondary
metabolites and serve as a basis for further studies on bioactive compound identification, extract standardization, and biological activity evaluation.

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Published

2026-09-14

How to Cite

Riyan, Masriani, Sartika, R. P., & Budi, F. S. (2026). Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. Leaf Extracts Using Different Solvents. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i4.22131

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Vol. 14 No. 4 (2026): August 2026

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Copyright (c) 2026 Riyan, Masriani, Rody Putra Sartika, Firman Shantya Budi

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