NiAl₂O₄ -Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode From Napa Soil For Pb²⁺ Ions Using Voltammetry

Authors

  • Zsa Zsa Fitria Alizar Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat, Padang, Indonesia
  • Mawardi Mawardi Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat, Padang, Indonesia
  • Alizar Ulianas Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat, Padang, Indonesia
  • Syamsi Aini Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat, Padang, Indonesia
  • Okta Suryani Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i3.21254

Keywords:

Pb²⁺ Detection, NiAl₂O₄, Napa Soil, Glassy Carbon Electrode, Voltammetry

Abstract

Lead (Pb²⁺) is a toxic heavy metal that poses serious risks to environmental and human health, creating a need for sensitive and reliable detection methods. This study aimed to develop a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with NiAl₂O₄ derived from Napa soil for the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions using voltammetric techniques. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in 4 mM K₃[Fe(CN)₆] containing 0,1 M KCl. The results showed that the NiAl₂O₄-modified GCE exhibited enhanced electrochemical activity compared with the bare GCE, as indicated by an increase in anodic peak current from 19.93 μA to 26.60 μA (33.5%) and cathodic peak current from 19.03 μA to 24.29 μA (27.6%), reflecting improved electron-transfer capability and a larger electroactive surface area. The modified electrode successfully detected Pb²⁺ ions, producing well-defined oxidation and reduction peaks at −0.32 V and −0.52 V, respectively. Among the supporting electrolytes investigated, 0,1 M KCl provided the highest current response, and increasing the KCl concentration from 0.05 M to 0,10 M further enhanced the electrochemical signal. In addition, the electrode demonstrated good stability during repeated measurements. These findings indicate that the NiAl₂O₄-modified GCE based on Napa soil is a promising, low-cost, and sensitive electrochemical sensor for Pb²⁺ detection with improved electrochemical performance.

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Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

Alizar, Z. Z. F., Mawardi, M., Ulianas, A., Aini, S., & Suryani, O. (2026). NiAl₂O₄ -Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode From Napa Soil For Pb²⁺ Ions Using Voltammetry. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 14(3), 508–516. https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i3.21254

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): June 2026

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Copyright (c) 2026 Zsa Zsa Fitria Alizar, Mawardi Mawardi, Alizar Ulianas, Syamsi Aini, Okta Suryani

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