Vegetable Oils and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaf Extract in Solid Soap Formulation

Authors

  • Marliandi Tamo Ama Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Applied Sciences, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram, Indonesia
  • Ahmadi Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Applied Sciences, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram, Indonesia
  • Hulyadi Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Applied Sciences, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram, Indonesia
  • Baiq Risni Maripa CV. Chemika Karya, BTN Lingkar Muslim, Blok D-02, Lombok Barat, NTB, Indonesia
  • Yusran Khery Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Applied Sciences, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i3.21188

Keywords:

Solid Soap, Vegetable Oils, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Physicochemical Quality

Abstract

This study identified the effects of vegetable oil formulation and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract concentration on the physicochemical quality of laboratory-scale solid soap. A 3 x 4 factorial design was used, consisting of three oil bases (A1, A2, and A3) prepared from coconut, olive, and palm oils and four extract concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%). The measured parameters were pH, moisture content, foam height, foam stability, organoleptic acceptance, and UV-Vis maximum wavelength of selected extract-containing soaps. The pH of all samples ranged from 9.00 to 9.43, indicating an alkaline soap system consistent with saponification. Moisture content varied from 11.00 to 19.00%; several samples met the 15% moisture criterion, while F1 and F4 exceeded it. Foam stability ranged from 74.96 to 88.89%, and foam height ranged from 0.33 to 1.33 cm. The A3 oil base showed the lowest mean moisture content (12.33%) and the highest mean foam stability (84.77%). Organoleptic evaluation indicated that F5 was the most preferred sample, whereas F11 was selected as the strongest technical candidate because it contained 2% extract, had the lowest moisture content, and showed the highest foam stability. UV-Vis analysis of A3 extract-containing soaps showed lambda max values of 374-377 nm with absorbance values of 0.747-0.751, supporting the persistence of flavonoid-related absorption in the soap matrix. The findings indicate that vegetable oil composition and H. rosa-sinensis leaf extract concentration influence solid soap quality and should be optimized jointly.

References

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Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

Ama, M. T., Ahmadi, Hulyadi, Maripa, B. R., & Khery, Y. (2026). Vegetable Oils and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaf Extract in Solid Soap Formulation. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 14(3), 622–628. https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i3.21188

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): June 2026

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Marliandi Tamo Ama, Ahmadi, Hulyadi, Baiq Risni Maripa, Yusran Khery

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