The Effect of Green Chemistry-Integrated Project-Based Learning on Students' Learning Outcomes in Acid-Base Chemistry

Authors

  • Devi Septyani Ginting Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V, Medan, Indonesia
  • Dewi Syafriani Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i3.20860

Keywords:

Acid-Base Chemistry, Effect Size, Green Chemistry, Learning Outcomes, Project-Based Learning

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether students taught using the Green Chemistry-Integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model achieved better learning outcomes than students taught using the Direct Instruction (DI) model on acid-base material. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of two eleventh-grade classes at SMAN 1 Sei Bingai, with 32 students in each class. The experimental class was taught using Green Chemistry-Integrated PjBL, while the control class was taught using DI. The research instrument was a 20-item multiple-choice test on acid-base material. The data were analyzed using normality test, homogeneity test, independent sample t-test, and Cohen’s d effect size analysis. The results showed that the experimental class obtained a higher posttest score (83.91 ± 10.13) than the control class (77.81 ± 11.31), with p = 0.029 < 0.05. The effect size was 0.56, which is categorized as a medium effect. These findings indicate that the Green Chemistry-Integrated PjBL model significantly improved students' learning outcomes in acid-base chemistry compared to the Direct Instruction model.

References

Ariyana, Y., Pudjiastuti, A., Bestary, R., & Zamroni. (2018). Buku Pegangan Pembelajaran Berorientasi pada Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Program Peningkatan kompetensi Pembelajaran Berbasis Zonasi. Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan (Ditjen GTK) Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.

Asri, S. A., Syahrul, & Ishak, S. (2024). Analisis Kualitas Butir Soal Ulangan Akhir Semester Genap Matematika Kelas VII SMPN Sinjai. Pedagogy: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(1), 120–133.

Asyhar, R., & Minarni, M. (2024). Development of An Environmental Chemistry Module Based on Green Chemistry Principles Through Project Activities. Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry, 16(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.22437/jisic.v16i1.31744

Baidowi, Wahidaturrahmi, Kertiyani, N. M. I., & Wulandari, N. P. (2024). Statistika Dasar Teori dan Praktik (M. Suhardi (ed.)). pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan penelitian Indonesia.

Bangun, P. Y., Eddiyanto, E., & Munthe, S. D. (2024). The Influence of The Project-Based Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes on The Acid-Base Concept (A Case study at Senior High School No. 2 Medan). Chimica Didactica Acta, 12(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.24815/jcd.v12i1.33369

Chand, S. P. (2023). Constructivism in Education: Exploring the Contributions of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 12(7), 274–278. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr23630021800

Chintya, J., Haryani, S., Linuwih, S., & Marwoto, P. (2023). Analysis of the Application of the Project Based Learning ( PjBL ) Learning Model on Increasing Student Creativity in Science Learning in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(6), 4558–4565. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.2726

Febriani, F., Hasan*, M., Khaldun, I., & Khwaengmek, W. (2025). Impact of Project-Based Learning Implementation on Students’ Achievement in Green Chemistry Concepts. Jurnal IPA & Pembelajaran IPA, 9(3), 1020–1031. https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v9i3.48944

Firdaus, M. A., Yusup, M., Jamal, S., & Samsul, B. (2023). Improving Student Learning Outcomes Through Project- Based Learning in Islamic Religion Lessons. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 4(2), 241–254. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v4i2.400

Funder, D. C., & Ozer, D. J. (2019). Evaluating Effect Size in Psychological Research: Sense and Nonsense. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919847202

Herianto, & Suryani, O. (2025). Development of Problem-Based Learning E-Worksheet to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Acid-Base Material for Grade XI Senior High School Students Phase F. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(7), 1103–1111. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.11929

Hunaepi, Samsuri, T., & Afrilyana, M. (2019). Model pembelajaran langsung: Teori dan Praktik. Duta Pustaka Ilmu.

Kalla, N. R., & Nurwijaya, S. (2019). Penerapan Project-Based Learning: Dampak Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Program Linear Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika PSDKU Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru. Pedagogy: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(4), 2303–2319.

Kurniawati, E., & Aini, S. (2022). Validity and Practicality of Guided Inquiry-Based Interactive Multimedia on Topic of Acid-Base for Senior High School Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(4), 2279–2285. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i4.1941

Miladinović, S. M. (2025). Green analytical chemistry: integrating sustainability into undergraduate education. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 417(4), 665–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05680-4

Mitarlis, Azizah, U., & Yonata, B. (2023). Journal of Technology and Science Education THE INTEGRATION OF GREEN CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 13(1), 233–254.

Nazziyah, S. S., Taufik, E., & Kintoko, K. (2025). Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Combined Polyherbal Yogurt. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 30(4), 675–680. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.30.4.675

Pertiwi, A. M., & Wahyuningrum, D. (2024). The Development of Green Chemistry Teaching Material Based on Organic Compound. EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia Dan Pendidikan, 9(2), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v9i1.24452

Rahmawan, S., & Ashfarini, D. (2024). Identification of Misconceptions and Causes of Misconceptions in Stoichiometry Material Using Four Tier Multiple Choice (4TMC). Orbital: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia, 8(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.19109/ojpk.v8i1.21649

Rusmansyah, R., Kusasi, M., Sapnah, S., Bakti, I., & Astuti, R. T. (2024). Development of E-Modules of Reaction Rate Problem-Based Learning Model to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Wasaka Character. EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia Dan Pendidikan, 9(2), 219. https://doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v9i2.27504

Said, U., Zidny, R., Sari, R., & Aisyah, S. (2025). Development of Merdeka Curriculum Teaching Modules for PjBL-Based Green Chemistry Learning. EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia Dan Pendidikan, 10(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.62870/educhemia.v10i1.30716

Salame, I. I., Montero, A., & Eschweiler, D. (2022). Examining some of the Students’ Challenges and Alternative Conceptions in Learning about Acid-base Titrations. IJCER (International Journal of Chemistry Education Research), 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.20885/ijcer.vol6.iss1.art1

Sari, W. P. P., & Atun, S. (2023). Integration Green Chemistry into Learning Process. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(10), 921–928. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.5012

Suradika, A., Dewi, H. I., & Nasution, M. I. (2023). Project-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning Models in Critical and Creative Students. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 12(1), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i1.39713

Yu, Z. (2025). Building Chemistry Knowledge Through Images in Secondary School Chemistry Textbooks: A Legitimation Code Theory Perspective. Research in Science Education, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-025-10256-y

Yulizah, Y., Sulistiyono, & Rozi, Z. F. (2025). Analisis Kebutuhan Modul Kimia Asam-Basa Berbasis Project Based Learning ( PjBL ) di SMA Negeri 1 Kota Lubuklinggau. 5, 402–411.

Yuna, J., Minho, K., Jiwon, H., Jiwon, L., & Suyitno, S. (2025). The Role of The Teacher as A Facilitator in Project-Based Learning With AI Support. Al-Hijr: Journal of Adulearn World, 4(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.55849/alhijr.v4i1.855

Zhang, L., & Ma, Y. (2023). A study of the impact of project-based learning on student learning effects: a meta-analysis study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728

Downloads

Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

Ginting, D. S., & Syafriani, D. (2026). The Effect of Green Chemistry-Integrated Project-Based Learning on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Acid-Base Chemistry. Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 14(3), 605–613. https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v14i3.20860

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): June 2026

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Devi Septyani Ginting, Dewi Syafriani

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:

  1. They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  2. The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
  3. That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  4. That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  5. They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  6. They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.

Copyright
Authors who publish with Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Licensing for Data Publication

Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia uses a variety of waivers and licenses, that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data: Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/ (default) Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.