Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antidiabetic Test of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Tiger’s Betel (Piper porphyrophyllum)

Nurul Hanifah, Adlis Santoni, Mai Efdi

Abstract


Piper porphyrophyllum or known as tiger’s betel, is a medicinal plant of the Piper genus that is quite widespread in Indonesia, especially on Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan island. Tiger’s betel is widely used traditionally to treat headaches, bone pain, chest tightness, skin diseases, relieve inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction of tiger’s betel and determine its antidiabetic activity. Determination of the type of compound is conducted by phytochemical screening by a qualitative test using various reagents to identify flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and coumarins. The antidiabetic assay was carried out by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and the results were reported as IC50 values. The ethyl acetate fraction of tiger’s betel positively contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics. The antidiabetic activity is classified as very strong, with an IC50 value of 14.06 µg/mL.

Keywords


tiger’s betel; secondary metabolite; α-glucosidase; IC50

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdulkadir, A. A. A., & Thanoon, I. A.-J. (2012). Comparative Effects of Glibenclamide and Metformin on C-Reactive Protein and Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical & Basic Research, 12(February), 55–61.

Ahmad, F., Emrizal, Sirat, H. M., Jamaludin, F., Mustapha, N. M. adah, Ali, R. M., Arbain, D., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2014). Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper porphyrophyllum (Fam. Piperaceae). Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(6), 1031–1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.12.032

Al-Warhi, T., Sabt, A., Elkaeed, E. B., & Eldehna, W. M. (2020). Recent advancements of coumarin-based anticancer agents: An up-to-date review. Bioorganic Chemistry, 103(July), 104163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104163

Alqadeeri, F., Rukayadi, Y., Abbas, F., & Shaari, K. (2019). Antibacterial and antispore activities of isolated compounds from Piper cubeba L. Molecules, 24(17), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173095

Antarti, A. N., & Lisnasari, R. (2018). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ektrak Ethanol Daun Family Solanum Menggunakan Metode Reduksi Radikal Bebas DPPH. JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 3(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v3i2.15378

Cannell, R. J. P. (1998). Natural Products Isolation. New Jersey: Humana Press Inc.

Chukwunonso Obi, B., Chinwuba Okoye, T., Okpashi, V. E., Nonye Igwe, C., & Olisah Alumanah, E. (2016). Comparative study of the antioxidant effects of metformin, glibenclamide, and repaglinide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1635361

Dirir, A. M., Daou, M., Yousef, A. F., & Yousef, L. F. (2022). A review of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from plants as potential candidates for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. In Phytochemistry Reviews (Vol. 21, Issue 4). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-021-09773-1

Efdi, M., Arifin, B., & Alfarisyi, M. I. (2022). Isolasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Fraksi Aktif Antibakteri pada Tumbuhan Sirih Merah (Piper porphyrophyllum). Jurnal Kimia Unand, 12(2), 1–7.

Ergina, Nuryanti, S., & Pursitasari, I. D. (2014). Uji Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Daun Palado (Agave angustifolia) yang Diekstraksi dengan Pelarut Air dan Etanol. J. Akad. Kim, 3(3), 165–172.

Etsassala, N. G. E. R., Badmus, J. A., Marnewick, J. L., Iwuoha, E. I., Nchu, F., & Hussein, A. A. (2020). Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities, molecular docking, and antioxidant capacities of salvia aurita constituents. Antioxidants, 9(11), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111149

Fatin, N., Pujiyanto, S., & Raharjo, B. (2018). Uji Aktivitas Inhibisi α -Glukosidase Isolat Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Duwet ( Syzygium cumini L . Skeels ) Sebagai Sumber Alternatif Antidiabetes Abstrak. 20(2).

Garg, A., Sharma, R., Dey, P., Kundu, A., Kim, H. S., Bhakta, T., & Kumar, A. (2020). Analysis of triterpenes and triterpenoids. In Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816455-6.00011-1

Harborne, J.B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia. Translated by Padmawinata, K., dan Soediro, I. Bandung: ITB Press

Hasairin, A., Pulungan, A. S. S., & Hartono, A. (2021). Phytochemical Screening of Lichens Extract usnea sp. on Pines in The Barrian Hill Forest, North Sumatra. JBIO: Jurnal Biosains, 7(3), 121–126.

Hussain, F., & Ikram, F. (2020). Antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of saponin fraction isolated from moringa oleifera leaves. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B: Biological Sciences, 63(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.63.2.2020.86.92

Javed, S., Javaid, I., Shoaib, A., & Perveen, S. (2022). Oleanolic acid (pentacyclic triterpenes) as a potential candidate for α-glycosidase inhibition activity. Advancements in Life Sciences, 9(2), 219–223.

Jia, Y., Lao, Y., & Leung, S. W. (2015). Glycaemic control efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs in treating type 2 diabetes: A protocol for network meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 5(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006139

Jiang, M., Luo, M., Tian, K., Li, Y., Sun, J., Lu, Y., Pu, X., Huang, X., Ethnic, S., Commission, A., Ethnic, S., & Commission, A. (2018). α -Glucosidase Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Coumestans from the Roots of Dolichos trilobus.

Kazeem, M. I., Adamson, J. O., & Ogunwande, I. A. (2013). Modes of inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by aqueous extract of morinda lucida benth leaf. BioMed Research International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/527570

Khafid, A., Wiraputra, M. D., Putra, A. C., Khoirunnisa, N., Putri, A. A. K., Suedy, S. W. A., & Nurchayati, Y. (2023). UJi Kualitatif Metabolit Sekunder pada Beberapa Tanaman yang Berkhasiat sebagai Obat Tradisional. Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 8(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.8.1.2023.61-70

Khalil, R. R., & Mustafa, Y. F. (2020). Phytochemical, antioxidant and antitumor studies of coumarins extracted from Granny Smith apple seeds by different methods. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(2), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.5530/srp.2020.2.10

Kumar, S., Narwal, S., Kumar, V., & Prakash, O. (2011). α-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.79096

Kuspradini, H., Putri, A. S., Kiswanto, Sa’adah, H., Fajriansyah, Rizqullah, M. A., Larasati, A. G., Zulfa, N. A., Egra, S., Yamauchi, K., & Mitsunaga, T. (2023). The potential of five wild growing aromatic plants from Hemaq Beniung Customary Forest, West Kutai District, Indonesia on antidiabetic activity. Biodiversitas, 24(4), 2156–2162. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240427

Lamos, E. M., Stein, S. A., & Davis, S. N. (2012). Combination of glibenclamide-metformin HCl for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 13(17), 2545–2554. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2012.738196

Manivannan, V., & Johnson, M. (2020). Total accepted phenolic, tannin, triterpenoid, flavonoid and sterol contents, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Tectaria paradoxa (Fee.) Sledge. Toxicology Reports, 7, 1465–1468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.013

Maryam, S., Suhaenah, A., & Amrullah, N. F. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Penghambatan Enzim α -Glukosidase Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Alpukat Sangrai ( Persea americana Mill . ) Secara In Vitro. As-Syifaa Jurnal Farmasi, 12(1), 51–56.

Mukhriani, M., Rusdi, M., Arsul, M. I., Sugiarna, R., & Farhan, N. (2019). Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Anggur (Vitis vinifera L). Ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v2i2.11503

Naidoo, C. M., Naidoo, Y., Dewir, Y. H., Murthy, H. N., El-Hendawy, S., & Al-Suhaibani, N. (2021). Major bioactive alkaloids and biological activities of tabernaemontana species (Apocynaceae). Plants, 10(2), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020313

Praparatana, R., Maliyam, P., Barrows, L. R., & Puttarak, P. (2022). Flavonoids and Phenols, the Potential Anti-Diabetic Compounds from Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib. Stem. Molecules, 27(8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082393

Rajudin, E., Ahmad, F., Sirat, H. M., Arbain, D., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2010). Chemical constituents from tiger’s betel, Piper porphyrophyllum N.E.Br. (Fam. Piperaceae). Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters, 24:4(October 2014), 387–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410903421826

Ranđelović, S., & Bipat, R. (2021). A Review of Coumarins and Coumarin-Related Compounds for Their Potential Antidiabetic Effect. Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes, 14. https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514211042023

Santoso, U., Putra, A. Y. T., & Supriyadi. (2019). Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Simpor (Dillenia suffruticosa). Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 4(1), 36–40. https://doi.org/10.33061/jitipari.v4i1.3017

Sarian, M. N., Ahmed, Q. U., Mat So’Ad, S. Z., Alhassan, A. M., Murugesu, S., Perumal, V., Syed Mohamad, S. N. A., Khatib, A., & Latip, J. (2017). Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of flavonoids: A structure-activity relationship based study. BioMed Research International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8386065

Shi, S., Li, J., Zhao, X., Liu, Q., & Song, S. J. (2021). A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 191(August), 112895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112895

Soamole, H. H., Sanger, G., Harikedua, S. D., Dotulong, V., Mewengkang, H. W., & Montolalu, R. I. (2018). Kandungan Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Rumput Laut Segar ( Turbinaria sp ., Gracilaria sp ., dan Halimeda macroloba ). Jurnal Media Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 6(3), 287–291.

Utomo, A. W., Annisaa, E., Antari, A. L., & Armalina, D. (2022). The use of herbal medicines in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 13(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.30659/sainsmed.v13i1.13487

Verma, A., Pathak, P., Rimac, H., Khalilullah, H., Kumar, V., Grishina, M., Potemkin, V., & Ahmed, B. (2021). A triterpene glochidon from Phyllanthus debilis: Isolation, computational studies, and antidiabetic activity evaluation. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 36(August), 102138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102138

Xia, E. Q., Deng, G. F., Guo, Y. J., & Li, H. Bin. (2010). Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(2), 622–646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11020622

Young, D., Woo, H., Yang, H., & Hyun, S. (2017). Phytochemistry Hydrolyzable tannins from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz and their a -glucosidase inhibitory activities. Phytochemistry, 2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.006

Zhai, S., Georgy, A., Liang, Z., & Zhi, J. (2016). Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interaction Study of Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, and Glyburide, a Sulfonylurea, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development, 5(6), 552–556. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.276




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v12i5.13118

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.