Pengaruh Budaya Patriarki terhadap Kesetaraan Gender Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Tarai Bangun, Kecamatan Tambang, Kabupaten Kampar

Abstract

Abstract: Patriarchal culture remains one of the social factors influencing gender relations within households, particularly in the division of domestic roles, decision-making, access to resources, and recognition of women’s contributions. This study aims to analyze the level of patriarchal culture, the level of gender equality, and the influence of patriarchal culture on gender equality among housewives in Tarai Bangun Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency. This research employed a quantitative approach with an ex-post facto design. The population consisted of 767 housewives, and 89 respondents were selected using simple random sampling based on the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and questionnaires using a Likert scale. The patriarchal culture variable was measured through four indicators: marginalization, subordination, double burden, and violence. Meanwhile, the gender equality variable was measured through access, participation, control, and benefits. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The results showed that patriarchal culture was in the moderate category with a mean score of 3.45, while gender equality was also in the moderate category with a mean score of 3.46. The regression analysis indicated that patriarchal culture had a significant influence on gender equality, with an R value of 0.542 and an R Square value of 0.294. This means that patriarchal culture contributed 29.4% to the variation in gender equality, while the remaining 70.6% was influenced by other factors outside this study. These findings indicate that household gender relations are still shaped by patriarchal values, although signs of transition toward more participatory and equal gender relations have begun to emerge.

Abstrak: Budaya patriarki masih menjadi salah satu faktor sosial yang memengaruhi relasi gender dalam rumah tangga, terutama dalam pembagian peran domestik, pengambilan keputusan, akses terhadap sumber daya, dan pengakuan terhadap kontribusi perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat budaya patriarki, tingkat kesetaraan gender, serta pengaruh budaya patriarki terhadap kesetaraan gender ibu rumah tangga di Desa Tarai Bangun, Kecamatan Tambang, Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain ex-post facto. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 767 ibu rumah tangga, sedangkan sampel sebanyak 89 responden ditentukan melalui teknik simple random sampling menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan tingkat kesalahan 10%. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner berskala Likert. Instrumen budaya patriarki dikembangkan berdasarkan indikator marginalisasi, subordinasi, beban ganda, dan kekerasan, sedangkan instrumen kesetaraan gender meliputi akses, partisipasi, kontrol, dan manfaat. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial melalui uji normalitas, korelasi Pearson, dan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya patriarki berada pada kategori sedang dengan nilai mean 3,45, sedangkan kesetaraan gender juga berada pada kategori sedang dengan nilai mean 3,46. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa budaya patriarki berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesetaraan gender dengan nilai R sebesar 0,542 dan R Square sebesar 0,294. Artinya, budaya patriarki menjelaskan 29,4% variasi kesetaraan gender, sedangkan 70,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa relasi gender dalam rumah tangga masih dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai patriarkal, tetapi pada saat yang sama mulai terjadi pergeseran menuju relasi yang lebih partisipatif dan setara.