A STUDY OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS’ CODE SWITCHING IN EFL CLASSROOMS SETTING

Muslim Muslim, H Sukiyah, Arif Rahman

Abstract


This study aims to investigates a phenomenon of bilingualism in which the use of Target language (English) is switched to target Indonesia, known as code switching (CS). More specifically, the study focuses on the types of CS and the functions of CS in EFL classrooms setting. The data were obtained from classroom observations through audio recording and field notes from two different English classes. The finding reveals that both the teachers and the students employed three types of CS: inter-sentential, tag-switching, and inter-sentential switching in different contexts. Furthermore, the different frequency of CS functions employed by teachers and students’ occurs both in two classes for two reasons: for social and pedagogical functions. Socially, CS in this study served as (1) conveying teacher’s admonition, (2) requesting for help, (3) helping other students, (4) commenting on the students’ unsatisfactory answers, and (5) building unofficial interaction among the students. Pedagogically, CS served to (1) explain or repeat ununderstandable utterances which has been said previously in order to help students understand it, (2) check the students’ understanding to the new words or expression introduced in the lesson, (3) translate sentence when students learn about grammatical features (4) repair self mistakes, (5) clarify teachers’ misunderstanding, and (6) initiate a question.


Keywords


Teacher and Students, Code Switching, EFL Classroom Setting

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alfonzetti, Giovama. (1998). The conversational dimension in code-switching: between Italian and dialect in Sicily. Code-switching in Conversation: language, interaction and identity. London: Routledge, pp. 180-211.

Alwasilah, A Chaedar. (2002). Pokoknya Kualitatif: Dasa-dasar Merancang dan Malakukan Penelitian Kualitatif. PT. Jakarta: Dunia Pustaka Jaya.

Araya, Jacqueline. (2013). Code-Switching in the EFL Classroom: Friend or Foe?. Revista de Lenguas Modernas Journal. 19/13. pp 375-391.

Atkinson, D. (1987). The Mother Tongue in The Classroom: A Neglected Resource? English Language Teaching Journal 41/4. pp.20-43.

Auer, Peter. (1998). Code switching in conversation; Language, Interaction and Identity. London: Routledge.

Botztepe, Erman. (2003). Issues in code-switching: competing theories and models. Working Papers in TESOL and Applied Linguisticode switching. Vol 3, No 2. 1-27. Retrived October 1st, 2008 from the http://www.tc.columbia.edu/academic/tesol/Webjournal/.

Brice, A. (2000). Code Switching and code mixing in the ESL classroom: A study of pragmatic and syntactic features. Advances in speech language pathology. Journal of the Speech Pathology Association of Australia, 20/1, pp. 19-28.

Canagarajah, A. Suresh. (1995). Functions of code switching in esl classrooms: socialising bilingualism in jaffna. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. Vol. 16, No. 3, 173 195. Retrived Agust 4th, 2008 from www http//www.sosiojournals.edu/mult.173-195/canag-sur.pro.html.

Chaudron, Craig. (1988). Second language classrooms: Research on teaching and learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cipriani, Fabiana. (2001). Oral participation strategies in the foreign language classroom: an ethnographic account. (2001). Disertasi (Mestrado em Inglês). Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis.

Clark, Herbert. H., & Eve V. Clark. (1977). Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Cook, Vivian. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. The Canadian Modern Language Review. Vol. 57, No 3. Retrived December 11th, 2008 from http://www.utpjournals.com/jour.ihtml?lp=product/cmlr/573/573Cook. html.

Duran, Luis. Toward Better Understanding of Code Switching and Interlanguage in Bilingualism. Bilinguals Article. Retrived May 27th, 2008 from http//www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/jeilm/vol14/duran.html.

Faltis, C. J. (1989). Code-switching and bilingual schooling: An examination of jacobson's new concurrent approach. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development,10/2, pp.117-27.

Flyman-Mattsson, A., & Burenhult-Mattsson, N. (1999). Code-switching in second language teaching of french. Working Papers, 47/2, pp. 59-72.

Grosjean, François. (1982). Life With Two Languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Gumperz, John J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hanna Yletinen. (2004). The fuction of code switching in EFL classroom discourse. Unprinted thesis. Retrived February 20th, 2009 from www html version of file http://thesis.jyu.f1/v04/G0000707. pdf.

Hymes (eds.) Directions in sociolinguisti code switching: The ethnography of communication. Journal of Socialinguistic. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc, 8/2, pp. 407-434.

Jacobson, R. (1983). Inter-sentential Codes witching: an Educationally Justifiable Strategy. ERIC Document Reproduction Service, ED231/ 221.

Jorgensen, J.N. (1998). Children’s acquisition of code-switching for power-wielding. In Auer, Peter (ed) Code-switching in Conversation: language, interaction and identity. London: Routledge, 5/1 pp. 237-258.

Kovács, Magdolna. (2001). Code-switching and language shift in Australian Indonesian in comparison with Australian Hungarian. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press.

Lasley., & Kaperzyk. (2006). The implementation of code switching in classrooms. Journal of socialinguistic. Retrived May 17th, 2008 from www http//www.beiwaionline.com/tutor/2003.collection/liuaichun.html.

Lipski, Jhon. (1985). Linguistic aspect of Spanish-English Language Switching. Arizona; Center for Latin American Studies.

Lynch, Brian K. (1996). Language program Evaluation: theory and Practice. Oakleigh, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

Lörscher, Wolfgang. (1986). Conversational Structures in the Foreign Language Classroom. In Gabriele Kasper (ed.). Learning, Teaching and Communication in the Foreign Language Classroom. ELT Journal. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 27/5, pp.11-22.

Macaro, Ernesto. (2001). Analysing student teachers’ code switching in foreign language classrooms: Theories and decision making. The Modern Language Journal, 84/4, pp.531-548.

Merritt, Marilyn,. Ailie Cleghorn,. Jared. Abagi., & grace bunyi. (1992). Socialising multilingualism: Determinants of code switching in kenyan primary classrooms. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 13/1&2, pp. 103-121.

Mirja Pietikinen. (1988). Teacher input and the use of the mother tongue in the foreign language classroom. Unprinted Post Graduate Thesis. University of Jyväskylä. Spain.

Muysken, Pieter. (1995). Code-switching and grammatical theory. Socialinguistic Article. In L. Milroy, P. Muysken (eds.), pp.177-198.

Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Dueling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Code Switching. Oxford: Clarendon.

Polio, Charlene G. and Patricia A. Duff. (1994). Teachers’ language use in university foreign language classrooms: A qualitative analysis of english and target language alternation. The Modern Language Teaching.

Poplack, Shana. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino Spanol: Toward a Typology of Code-switching. Linguistics Journal, 18, pp.581-618.

Romaine, Suzanne. (1995). Bilingualism. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Simon, Diana-lee. 2001. Towards a new understanding of cs in the foreign language classroom. Bilingualism Journal. Code switching worldwide II. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 28/3, pp. 311-342.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jo-elt.v5i1.2295

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Muslim Muslim, H Sukiyah, Arif Rahman

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jo-ELT (Journal of English Language Teaching) Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris IKIP is abstracted/indexed in the following databases:

                    


Published by Faculty of Culture, Management, and Business
Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
p-ISSN: 2355-0309 | e-ISSN : 2548-5865
email: [email protected]

 Jo-ELT (Journal of English Language Teaching) Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris IKIP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.