Islamic Religious Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities, Challenges, and Ethical Implications

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications of utilizing artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence/AI) in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. The study is motivated by the increasing use of AI technology in providing learning resources, developing teaching materials, personalizing learning, providing feedback, and strengthening digital religious literacy. This study employs a qualitative approach with a literature review design. Data were obtained through an analysis of policy documents, academic publications, journal articles, and literature discussing AI in education, teacher competencies, technology ethics, and Islamic Religious Education learning. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, categorization, interpretation, and thematic synthesis focusing on three main aspects: opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications. The findings indicate that AI can support Islamic Religious Education learning that is more adaptive, interactive, contextual, and personalized. However, its implementation faces risks, including inaccuracies in religious information, algorithmic bias, student dependency, academic dishonesty, unequal access, and privacy violations.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Literacy, Learning, Islamic Religious Education

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peluang, tantangan, dan implikasi etis pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Kajian ini berangkat dari meningkatnya penggunaan teknologi AI dalam penyediaan sumber belajar, pengembangan bahan ajar, personalisasi pembelajaran, pemberian umpan balik, dan penguatan literasi keagamaan digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kepustakaan. Data diperoleh melalui analisis dokumen kebijakan, publikasi akademik, artikel jurnal, dan literatur yang membahas AI dalam pendidikan, kompetensi guru, etika teknologi, serta pembelajaran PAI. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi, kategorisasi, interpretasi, dan sintesis tematik terhadap tiga fokus utama, yaitu peluang, tantangan, dan implikasi etis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa AI dapat mendukung pembelajaran PAI yang lebih adaptif, interaktif, kontekstual, dan personal. Namun, implementasinya menghadapi risiko ketidakakuratan informasi keagamaan, bias algoritmik, ketergantungan peserta didik, ketidakjujuran akademik, kesenjangan akses, dan pelanggaran privasi.

Kata Kunci: Kecerdasaran Buatan, Literasi Digital, Pembelajaran, Pendidikan Agama Islam