Development of Articulate Storyline 3-Based for Chemical Bonding Teaching Materials

The development of Articulate Storyline 3 (AS3)-based chemistry teaching resources on chemical bonding is the aim of this research. the subject of research was 10 th -grade senior high school students. This research was conducted to investigate the form of creation and viability of chemical bonding teaching materials using the AS3 application. Minor modifications are made to the Borg and Gall method for instructional design for the production of AS3-based chemical bonding teaching materials. The technique consists of five steps: preliminary studies, product design plan (planning and development), product validation (validation design and revision), field trials, and final product dissemination. The instruments used in this study were interview sheets, questionnaires in the form of instrument validation for material experts, and media experts, tests for students, and documentation. Material expert data, media, and student responses were obtained and analyzed to describe the validity and feasibility of teaching materials. The findings indicated that the optimal percentage was 96.42%, while the very excellent percentage was 96.66%. The results of the evaluation of the feasibility of teaching materials by material specialists and media specialists were 83.07% and 84.61 %, respectively, in the very excellent category. According to the findings of expert evaluations and field testing of chemical teaching materials based on AS3


INTRODUCTION
Chemistry is the study of the structure and composition of matter, as well as the processes that precede the transformation of matter (Jelita et al., 2021;Jespersen et al., 2012;Safitri et al., 2022).One of the substances contains a chemical link.Material for chemical bonds has abstract, microscopic, and layered properties (Bergqvist et al., 2013;Irwansyah et al., 2020).Due to the features of chemical bonding material, learners have learning challenges (Chandrasegaran et al., 2007;Chittleborough & Treagust, 2007;Oludipe andAwokoy, 2010, Pérez et al, 2017;Kumpha, Suwannoi, & Treagust, 2014).Atomic structure, electron configuration, Lewis structure, and molecular formula are the required materials (Pabuccu & Geban, 2012).The fundamental principles of chemistry are crucial because if they are not fully understood, it is impossible to comprehend the more complex concepts (Sirhan, 2007;Pahriah and Hendrawani., 2019).
The fundamental notion of chemical bonding becomes more difficult for pupils to grasp if the content is presented in a convoluted, repetitive, uninteresting, and less engaging manner (Nahum et al, 2007).The instructor is required to be able to communicate chemical bond content in an engaging manner so that students grasp the information correctly (Aclufi et al, 2019).The creation of digital learning media is an alternate method for delivering content in order to enhance students' conceptual comprehension.Text, pictures, videos, animations, graphics, and audio may be visualized via text, photos, videos, animations, and graphics in digital learning materials (Rusman, et al. 2011;Imron, 2019;Krisnawati et al., 2023).Media is a component that increases student learning motivation and learning results (Ljubojevic, et al., 2014;De Jong, 2010;Mayer, 2009;De Jong, 2010;Mayer, 2009).
Learning media is a method of information transmission used to attain learning objectives.Teaching resources are among the learning mediums.The term teaching materials refers to any items used to make it simpler for teachers to impart information in the course of teaching and learning (Thiagarajan et al., 1974).Yet, there are a number of schools that rely only on printed textbooks, causing students to be less engaged and bored; hence, interactive teaching materials must be modified (Meltzer, 2002).One of the interactive teaching tools is based on the Articulate Storyline 3 software (AS3).
AS3-based instructional resources may help students comprehend and comprehend the offered subject more thoroughly.AS3 has the ability to build presentations that are more thorough and innovative.AS3's capabilities include user-friendly timelines, videos, images, characters, and assessment tests (Darmawan, 2011).On the basis of the preceding explanation, it is required to produce AS3-based teaching materials on chemical bonding material in order to address the issue of learning challenges and to provide the appropriate media solution for students engaged in independent study at home.

METHOD
Research and Development (R&D) is a kind of AS3-based teaching material development research, whereas the model is the Borg and Gall model with numerous modifications (Sugiyono, 2010).There are both quantitative and qualitative data acquired.The method of data analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis.

Preliminary Studies
This phase aims to determine and establish learning requirements by examining challenges and resource constraints.The preparatory phase comprises a literature review and field research to determine the requirements of students, the breadth of the content, the degree of difficulty of the material, and references to support the creation of learning media.

Product Design Plan (Planning and development)
This stage aims to prepare materials and product designs from the mapping of preliminary study results.The planning stage obtained the initial design of the developed media, in the form of material format and initial design.This phase is aimed at creating Articulate Storyline 3based chemical bonding teaching resources.This stage of development includes designing, developing, and creating teaching materials.

Product Validation (validation design and Revision)
The validation phase comprises of material expert validation and media expert validation of the created AS 3 instructional materials.In this expert validation, material experts and media experts are decided based on their education and competence.The material experts in this study were 2 lecturers from the chemistry education study program and 1 chemistry teacher at SMA Negeri 4 Kupang. 2 media experts, namely 1 STIKOM Uyelindo Kupang lecturer and a Chemistry Media Lecturer.This validation's results will be used to improve instructional materials so that they are acceptable for usage.The examination of material and media expert validation employs a Likert scale.

Field Trials
It conducts field trials to evaluate the quality of AS-based instructional materials 3.This step is performed in small groups of 10 individuals and big groups of 20 individuals.The Guttman scale is used for student replies.Calculate the proportion of student replies based on the table below.

Final Product Dissemination
The final stage is to disseminate this teaching material by distributing this teaching material to those who need it, both teachers and students in the learning process and can make this teaching material an efficient means of learning media at school or at home.This development only reaches the field trials stage.Evaluation of the effectiveness of product dissemination can be carried out in the advanced research agenda.Its requires a considerable amount of subject and time within the framework of qualitative and quantitative research to give confidence that the products developed are indeed reliable and effective in improving the quality of learning.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The development of chemical bonding teaching materials based on AS3 seeks to identify the shape and degree of the practicality of teaching materials.

Preliminary Studies
In an attempt to address the challenges encountered by students, researchers selected chemical bonding as the subject for the development of AS3-based teaching materials.This developed instructional content is simple to manufacture inexpensive and required little time.It is anticipated that the generated teaching materials would stimulate students' interest in learning since they contain material, interesting animations, and videos.

Product Design Plan (Planning and development)
The appearance of the developed teaching material products can be seen in the figure below:

Material Expert Validation
The results of the complete material validation assessment from the validator can be seen in the table 4. Based on the average results of material validation as a whole, the revised results of the 3 validators is 145.The overall ideal percentage is 88.29% with details namely for the content feasibility aspect at 84.66%, the presentation aspect at 85.77%, and linguistic aspects at 94.44%.The categories obtained are very good and feasible to use.

Media Expert Validation
After revising the suggestions and input from the validators, the researcher re-validated the teaching materials to the validators (media experts).The average results and ideal percentages (revised results) for each material assessment indicator can be seen in Table 5 below.From the table above the average media validation as a whole on the graphic aspect of the revised results of the three validators is 54.The overall ideal percentage is 83.01%with a very good category and is feasible to use.

Product Trials
At this trial stage, a digital teaching material product based on Articulate Storyline 3 was tested on students.The aspects that were assessed by students at the trial stage were the learning aspects and the content aspects of the material which were described in the 7 assessment indicator points.Product trials were carried out in two stages, namely small group trials and large group trials.

Small Group Trial
After validation was carried out by the material validator and media validator, then a small group trial was carried out using 10 assessors.The calculation results obtained can be seen in Table 6.Based on Table 6, the average obtained is 69 and the ideal percentage is 98.33%, so it gets a very good category and is suitable for use.

Large Group Trial
Data on the results of student assessment responses in the large group trial are presented in Table 7. the average obtained is 6.75 and the ideal percentage is 96.42%, so it gets a very good category and is suitable for use.There were several responses given by students after small and large group trials were carried out as shown in Table 8.The quality is very good, it is very useful to be able to display videos of teaching materials that are easy to understand, the appearance is very aesthetic and of course effective for students 2 This digital teaching material is very easy to understand for the chemical bonding material 3 The designed learning media is very easy to understand, and not boring because it is equipped with videos and games 4 Digital teaching materials based on Articulate Storyline 3 are very interesting, provide learning motivation, and help me answer chemistry questions.

Final Product Dissemination
The final stage is to disseminate this teaching material by distributing this teaching material to those who need it, both teachers and students in the learning process and can make this teaching material an efficient means of learning media at school or at home.This development only reaches the field trials stage.Evaluation of the effectiveness of product dissemination can be carried out in the advanced research agenda.Its requires a considerable amount of subject and time within the framework of qualitative and quantitative research to give confidence that the products developed are indeed reliable and effective in improving the quality of learning.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: 1) The results of the development carried out were in the form of teaching materials based on AS3 on chemical bonding material consisting of cover sections, syllabus, materials, practice questions, and evaluation; 2) The results obtained from material experts and media experts on the feasibility of this teaching material are categorized as very good and suitable for use with an overall ideal percentage of 88.29% for material experts and 83.07%for media experts, while the overall percentage results are obtained for the small group test, namely 98.57% in the very good category and suitable for use.The teaching materials that have been made can be applied by carrying out further research on testing the effectiveness of the use of teaching materials in SMA/MA and also as a reference for chemistry education researchers in making teaching materials for other chemical materials using the AS3 application.

Figure
Figure 1.Cover

Figure
Figure 4. Cover Evaluation Questions

Table 1 .
(Arikunto, 2006)he average validation score of each aspect of the criteria assessed by the formula: Expert Team Validation Criteria(Arikunto, 2006) The validity test was carried out to measure the eligibility of the teaching material products developed based on the eligibility criteria table.

Table 4 .
The average and ideal percentage for each indicator of the three aspects of assessment in material validation (revised results)

Table 5 .
The average and ideal percentage for each indicator from the graphical aspect of media validation (revised results)

Table 6 .
Average and Percentage of Idealism of Small Group Trial on Articulate Storyline 3-Based Chemistry Teaching Materials

Table 7 .
Average and Percentage of Ideality of Large Group Trials on Articulate Storyline 3-Based Chemistry Teaching Materials

Table 8 .
Data on student responses to AS3-based chemical bond teaching materials