Agronomic Traits and Yield Component Responses of M2 Wheat Genotypes Derived from Gamma-Ray-Induced Mutation under Tropical Highland Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v14i3.21594Keywords:
Tropical wheat, mutant genotype, irradiation, gamma ray, yield componentAbstract
This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield components of 25 M2 mutant wheat genotypes generated through gamma-ray irradiation compared with five tropical wheat varieties used as checks. The experiment was conducted at the Salaran Experimental Station, Satya Wacana Christian University, using an augmented randomized complete block design with three replications for the check varieties. The evaluated parameters included agronomic traits and yield components. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level, followed by the critical difference (CD) test to compare individual genotypes with the check varieties. The results revealed variation in the responses of several agronomic traits and yield components, with highly significant differences (p < 0.01) observed only for 100-grain weight (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.70%; range = 3.86–4.96 g). The genotypes GR 2-0, GR 4-0, GR 4-2, GR 4-3, GR 7-3, and GR 7-4 exhibited 100-grain weights ranging from 4.63 to 4.96 g, which were significantly higher than those of most check varieties (CD 5% = 0.09 g). This study indicates that gamma-ray irradiation has the potential to enhance genetic variation in M2 wheat populations, particularly for the 100-grain weight trait as an important yield component. These six genotypes represent promising candidates for further selection in the M3 generation within tropical wheat breeding programs in Indonesia.
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