Microplastics in Lake Poso Sediments and Their Use as Educational Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20727Keywords:
Educational poster, Lake Poso, learning media, microplastics, sedimentAbstract
Microplastic pollution is an emerging environmental concern because these particles can accumulate in aquatic ecosystems but are difficult to detect visually. This study aimed to identify the morphological types and determine the density of microplastics in sediments from Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and to develop an educational poster based on the findings. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied. Sediment samples were collected from three categories of sites: an area with minimal human activity, a tourism area, and a residential area. Two sampling points were established at each site, yielding six sediment samples. At each sampling point, 200 mL of sediment was collected using the hand-collection method and analyzed at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tadulako University. Organic matter was digested using a 10% KOH solution, after which the samples were filtered and examined microscopically. Suspected microplastic particles were classified as fibers, fragments, films, or pellets. Microplastics were detected in all sediment samples, although their density varied among sites. Fragments were the most abundant type, followed by fibers, films, and pellets. Microplastic densities were 170 particles/100 g of dry sediment at the site with minimal human activity, 281 particles/100 g at the tourism site, and 218.5 particles/100 g at the residential site. The educational poster developed from these findings was evaluated by content, design, and media experts, as well as student users, and was categorized as highly suitable for educational use. These findings indicate that Lake Poso sediments are contaminated with microplastics, potentially associated with tourism, fisheries, residential activities, and other anthropogenic inputs. Improved waste management and environmental monitoring are therefore needed to reduce microplastic contamination in the lake.
References
Adila, N., & Windusari, Y. (2024). Identifikasi kandungan mikroplastik pada perairan sungai. JKP (Jurnal Kesehatan Primer), 9(2), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.31965/jkp.v9i2.1691
Anderson, P. J., Warrack, S., Langen, V., Challis, J. K., Hanson, M. L., & Rennie, M. D. (2017). Microplastic contamination in Lake Winnipeg, Canada. Environmental Pollution, 225, 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.072
Andrady, A. L. (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8), 1596–1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030
Arikunto, S. (2014). Prosedur penelitian: Suatu pendekatan praktik. Cinii Research. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000795354347648
Bellas, J., Martínez-Armental, J., Martínez-Cámara, A., Besada, V., & Martínez-Gómez, C. (2016). Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.026
Browne, M. A., Crump, P., Niven, S. J., Teuten, E., Tonkin, A., Galloway, T., & Thompson, R. C. (2011). Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: Sources and sinks. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(21), 9175–9179. https://doi.org/10.1021/es201811s
Browne, M. A., Niven, S. J., Galloway, T. S., Rowland, S. J., & Thompson, R. C. (2013). Microplastic moves pollutants and additives to worms, reducing functions linked to health and biodiversity. Current Biology, 23(23), 2388–2392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.012
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T. S. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12), 2588–2597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025
De Falco, F., Di Pace, E., Cocca, M., & Avella, M. (2019). The contribution of washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution. Scientific Reports, 9, Article 6633. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43023-x
Dewi, I. S., Budiarsa, A. A., & Ritonga, I. R. (2015). Distribusi mikroplastik pada sedimen di Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Jurnal Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, 4(3), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.4.3.2888
Ding, L., Mao, R. F., Guo, X., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., & Yang, C. (2019). Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Wei River, in the northwest of China. Science of the Total Environment, 667, 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.332
Duis, K., & Coors, A. (2016). Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: Sources, with a specific focus on personal care products, fate, and effects. Environmental Sciences Europe, 28(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-015-0069-y
Estina, Yona, D., & Sari, S. H. J. (2025). Characteristics and abundance of large microplastics in sediments in the Wonorejo Mangrove Tourism Area, Surabaya. Jurnal Biodjati, 10(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v10i1.39429
Guerranti, C., Martellini, T., Perra, G., Scopetani, C., & Cincinelli, A. (2019). Microplastics in cosmetics: Environmental issues and needs for global bans. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 68, 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.007
Ibrahim, F. T., Suprijanto, J., & Haryanti, D. (2023). Analisis kandungan mikroplastik pada sedimen di perairan Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Journal of Marine Research, 12(1), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v12i1.36506
Ivar do Sul, J. A., & Costa, M. F. (2014). The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environmental Pollution, 185, 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.036
Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(6223), 768–771. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352
Lebreton, L. C. M., van der Zwet, J., Damsteeg, J. W., Slat, B., Andrady, A., & Reisser, J. (2017). River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans. Nature Communications, 8, Article 15611. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15611
Lee, R. F., & Sanders, D. P. (2015). The amount and accumulation rate of plastic debris on marshes and beaches on the Georgia coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 91(1), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.019
Liu, S., Jian, M., Zhou, L., & Li, W. (2019). Distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the sediments of Poyang Lake, China. Water Science and Technology, 79(10), 1868–1877. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.185
Mashuri, S. (2019). Media pembelajaran matematika. Deepublish.
Mauludy, M. S., Yunanto, A., & Yona, D. (2019). Microplastic abundances in the sediment of coastal beaches in Badung, Bali. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 21(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.45871
Moore, C. J., Lattin, G. L., & Zellers, A. F. (2011). Quantity and type of plastic debris flowing from two urban rivers to coastal waters and beaches of Southern California. Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada, 11(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.5894/rgci194
Napper, I. E., & Thompson, R. C. (2016). Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 112(1–2), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025
Putri, R., & Rafi’i, A. (2023). Kandungan mikroplastik pada sedimen di wilayah pesisir Pantai Monpera, Kota Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Tropical Aquatic Sciences, 2(2), 191–195. https://doi.org/10.30872/tas.v2i2.773
Redondo-Hasselerharm, P. E., Falahudin, D., Peeters, E. T. H. M., & Koelmans, A. A. (2018). Microplastic effect thresholds for freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(4), 2278–2286. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05367
Safitri, T. A. N. (2023). Identifikasi jenis dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada perairan di Sulawesi Tengah. Environmental Pollution Journal, 3(1), 553–559. https://doi.org/10.58954/epj.v3i1.105
Seftianingrum, B., Hidayati, I., & Zummah, A. (2023). Identifikasi mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, dan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Sungai Porong, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Jeumpa, 10(1), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.33059/jj.v10i1.7408
Trestrail, C., Walpitagama, M., Hedges, C., Truskewycz, A., Miranda, A., Wlodkowic, D., Shimeta, J., & Nugegoda, D. (2020). Foaming at the mouth: Ingestion of floral foam microplastics by aquatic animals. Science of the Total Environment, 705, Article 135826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135826
Zhao, J., Ran, W., Teng, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, W., Hou, C., Zhao, J., Qi, X., & Wang, Q. (2019). Microplastic pollution in sediments from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China. Science of the Total Environment, 640–641, 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02866-1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Agreista Toripa, Fatmah Dhafir, Musdalifah Nurdin, Masrianih, Abd. Hakim Langgeng, Syech Zainal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
