Potensi Bakteri Endofit dari Tanaman Jahe Sebagai Agens Pengandali Hayati

Sabrina Ayu Kristianingrum, Andree Wijaya Setiawan, Ruth Meike Jayanti

Abstract


The use of synthetic pesticides is not effective in reducing the prevalence of disease because it produces residues and does not support biodiversity. This is an unwise practice and can cause problems in the future.  The use of endophytic microorganisms is widely used to control plant diseases and pests, because it is known to have various pathogen inhibition mechanisms. Biological agents that are used to inhibit plant pathogens and have been widely developed, one of which is endophytic bacteria. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the potential of endophytic bacterial isolate from ginger plants as biological control agents. The type of research used is descriptive and exploratory. Sampling of healthy ginger plants was carried out at 5 points in two sub-districts, namely Getasan and Sumowono, Semarang Regency. Isolation is carried out by taking healthy ginger plants from the roots, rhizomes, fronds, and leaves. Characterization and selection of isolates were carried out by testing their phosphate dissolving ability, nitrogen anchoring, amylase and protease activities, and antagonist tests with Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. The results of this study are that (1) 20 pure isolates were successfully isolated consisting of 2 isolates derived from leaves, 4 isolates from fronds, 8 isolates from roots, and 6 isolates from rhizomes; (2) D91 isolate has the potential as a biological agent with an antagonist mechanism of 86.91% supported by protease enzyme activity, able to dissolve phosphate and anchor nitrogen.

Keywords


endophytic bacteria, pathogenic fungi, antagonistic mechanisms

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abou-Elela, G.M., Ibrahim, H.A.H., Hassan, S.W., Abd-Elnaby, H., El-Toukhy,N.M.K., 2011. Alkaline protease production by alkaliphilic marine bacteria isolated from Marsa- Matrouh (Egypt) with special emphasis on Bacillus cereus purified protease. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10, 4631-4642.

Amaria, W., Kasim, N.N., Munif, A., 2019. Kelimpahan Populasi Bakteri Filosfer, Rizosfer, Dan Endofit Tanaman Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis Trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw), Serta Potensinya Sebagai Agens Biokontrol. J.Tabaro Agric. Sci. 3, 305. https://doi.org/10.35914/tabaro.v3i1.200

Asril, M., Lisafitri, Y., 2020. Isolasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat Genus Pseudomonas dari Tanah Masam Bekas Areal Perkebunan Karet di Kawasan Institut Teknologi Sumatera. J.Teknol.Lingkung.21,40–48. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v21i1.3743

Brenner, D., Krieg, N., Staley, J., 2005. Bergey's Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology Second Edition. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State Universtity.

Buak, A., Fallo, G., Pardosi, L., 2022. Seleksi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen Pada Perakaran Tanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L) Dan Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L) Di Kabupaten Belu. JP&B. 9, 34-41.

Chandra, T.J., Mani, P.S., 2011. A study of 2 rapid tests to differentiate Gram positive and Gram negative aerobic bacteria. J. Med Allied Sci. 1, 84-85.

Choirunnisa, H.N., Sari, R.Y., Hastuti, U.S., Witjoro, A.W., 2018. Identifikasi dan Uji Kemampuan Hidrolisis pada Bakteri Amilolitik dan Proteolitik yang Diisolasi dari Wadi, Makanan Khas Kalimantan Tengah. bionature 18.https://doi.org/10.35580/bionature.v18i2.6138

Essghaier, B., Bejji, M., Jijakli, H., Boudabous, A., Sadfi-Zouaoui, N., 2009. High salt-tolerant protease from a potential biocontrol agent Bacillus pumilus M3- 16. Ann. Microbiol. 59, 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03175145

Ginting, L., Kusdiyantini, E., 2020. Isolasi Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Dan Uji Aktivitas Enzim Amilase. J. Berkala Bioteknologi. 3, 1-7.

Gupta, G., Parihar, S., Ahirwar, N., Snehi, Dr.S.K., Singh, V., 2015. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Current and Future Prospects for Development of Sustainable Agriculture. J. Microb. Biochem. Technol. 07. https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000188

Hallmann, J., Quadt-Hallmann, A., Mahaffee, W.F., Kloepper, J.W., 1997. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Can. J. Microbiol. 43, 895–914. https://doi.org/10.1139/m97-131

Jha, P.N., Gupta, G., Jha, P., Mehrotra, R., 2013. Association of Rhizospheric/Endophytic Bacteria with Plants: A Potential Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture. Greener J.Agric. Sci. 3.

Kabul Santoso, R., 2019. Eksplorasi Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen dari Tanah Hutan Mangrove Sungai Peniti, Kabupaten Mempawah. Protobiont 8.https://doi.org/10.26418/protobiont.v8i1.30855

Kaburuan, R., Hapsoh, H., Gusmawartati, G., 2014. Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen Non-Simbiotik Tanah Gambut Cagar Biosfer Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu. J. Agroteknologi 5, 35–39. https://doi.org/10.24014/ja.v5i1.1146

Majumdar, S., 2017. Optimization of protease production from plant growth promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens showing antagonistic activity against phytopathogens. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci. 8, 635–642. https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.2.b635-642

Keliat, J.M., 2017. Uji Antagonis Fusarium Sp. Pada Kangkung Belerang Terhadap Isolat Kitinolitik LT4 Dari Limbah Cair Tahu. J. Biosains 3, 140. https://doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v3i3.7899

Marsaoli, F., Matinahoru, J.M., Leiwakabessy, C., 2020. Isolasi, Seleksi, dan Uji Antagonis Bakteri Endofit diisolasi dari Salawaku (Falcataria mollucana) dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Cendawan Patogen Cercospora spp. Agrologia 8. https://doi.org/10.30598/a.v8i2.1009

Milliana, A., Safitri, W., 2015. Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Sebagai Penghasil Senyawa Antifungi Terhadap Candida albicans. El-HayahJurnal Biol. 5, 49–63. https://doi.org/10.18860/elha.v5i2.3020

Mubarokhah, L., Wijanarka, W., Rukmi, M.I., 2020. Isolasi dan penapisan bakteri proteolitik endofit tanaman pepaya (Carica papaya L.). NICHE J. Trop. Biol. 3, 99–104.

Nafissa, S., Mohammed, B., Adamu Y., U., Nageshvar, P., Laura, C., Alessandra, C., Khaoula, T., 2020. Environmental risk assessment of pesticide use in Algerian agriculture. J. Appl. Biol. Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2020.80505

Nor, M.N.M., 2020. Isolation and Characterization of Effective Microorganism from Oil Palm Rhizhopheric Soil and Evaluation of Their Potential as Biofertiliser. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 515, 012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/515/1/012040

Oktafiyanto, M.F., Munif, A., Mutaqin, K.H., 2018. Aktivitas Antagonis Bakteri Endofit Asal Mangrove terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum dan Meloidogyne spp. J. Fitopatol. Indones. 14, 23. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.1.23

Oktaviana, M.A., Haryono, N.Y., 2022. Uji Antagonis Bakteri Endofit terhadap Fungi Patogen Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa). Live and Applied Science. 1, 86-94.

Patel, G., Singh, S., Saxena, S.K., Kamal, J., Kaur, Patel, M., 2016. Isolation, Biochemical Characterization and Production of Biofertilizer from Bacillus megaterium. Int. J. Life- Sci. Sci. Res. 2, 749–752. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.6.16

Prayoga, P., Muhsinin, S., Marliani, L., 2021. Review: Karakterisasi Dan Pemanfaatan Bakteri Endofit Yang Berasal Dari Familia Zingiberaceae Di Bidang Farmasi. JOPS J. Pharm. Sci. 4, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.36341/jops.v4i2.1885

Priyanka, B.V., Nagesha, S.N., Nagaraj, M.S., Girish, H.C., Nagesha, N., Govinda, G., Bhavani, P., Kumaraswamy, R.V., 2022. Antifungal Activity of Lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis Isolates Against Rhizome Rot of Ginger Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum. Mysore J. Agric Sci. 56, 349-357.

Rafanomezantsoa, P., Gharbi, S., Karkachi, N., Kihal, M., 2023. Optimization of amylase production by the biological control agent Bacillus halotolerans RFP74 using response surface methodology. J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. 21, 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-023-00519-4

Rodrigues, M.Â., Ladeira, L.C., Arrobas, M., 2018. Azotobacter-enriched organic manures to increase nitrogen fixation and crop productivity. Eur. J. Agron. 93, 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2018.01.002

Schaad, NW, JB Jones, and W Chun. 2001. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd Edition. St. Paul. The American Phytopathologycal Society.

Singh, R., Jagtap, G.P., 2017. In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Chemicals and Bioagents against Ralstonia solanacearum Infecting Bacterial Wilt in Ginger. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 6, 2034–2045. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.227

Umesha, S., Richardson, P., Kong, P., Hong, C., 2008. A novel indicator plant to test the hypersensitivity of phytopathogenic bacteria. J. Microbiol. Methods 72, 95–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2007.11.002

Yuliar, Nion, Y.A., Toyota, K., 2015. Recent Trends in Control Methods for Bacterial Wilt Diseases Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Microbes Environ. 30, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME14144

Zhou, D., Huang, X.-F., Chaparro, J., Badri, D., Manter, D., Vivanco, J., Guo, J.-H., 2016. Root and bacterial secretions regulate the interaction between plants and PGPR leading to distinct plant growth promotion effects. Plant Soil 401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2743-7

Zhou, G., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wen, X., Peng, H., Peng, R., Shi, Q., Xie, X., Li, L., 2023. Outer Membrane Porins Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Microorganisms 11, 1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071690




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v12i2.12263

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Editorial Address: Pemuda Street No. 59A, Catur Building Floor I, Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia